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English Final
Vocab for English final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Procatalepsis | anticipating reader's objections as a writer |
| Rhetorical Situation | The elements in any act of communicating: the wrtier/speaker, the audience, the purpose, the subject/issue, and the occasion |
| Kairos | a concept of time based on the "opportune moment" or proper time to act. |
| Kronos | typical concept of time that passes at a regular. Has past, present and future--timeline. |
| Discourse community | A community defined by language. |
| Lifecycle of Rhetorical situation | Origin:beginnings of issue--still obscure Maturity:issues more clearly defined, kairos is now. Deterioration:prime moment for influencing decision makers is past. Disintegration:process of change becomes irreversible. |
| Ethos | persuasion through a writer's credibility. |
| Pathos | persuasion through a reader's emotions. |
| Logos | persuasion through reasoning. |
| Ad hominem | fallacy that is a personal attack having nothing to do w/ the argument. |
| Guilt by association | an attack on an individual's crediblity based upon that individual's association w/ a particular group. |
| Poisoning the well | when an argument is presented in such a biased/emotional way that it is difficult for an opponent to respond w/out looking dishonest/immoral. |
| False authority | an author tries to establish credibility w/out any real authority. Or Popularity vs. knowledge. |
| Ad populum | a fallacious argument that appeals to popular prejudices. |
| threats/rewards | diverts attention from the real issue to the negative or positive consequences of not accepting or accepting the argument. |
| Red Herring | any attempt to draw attention away from the issue by raising nonrelevant issues. |
| Begging the question | offering a reason that is really just restatement of a conclusion. |
| Complex question | a loaded question--2 questions phrased as one |
| equivocation | using 1 term for 2 different definitions. allows audience to think differently than truth. |
| hasty/sweeping generalization | Jumping to conclusions. Applying a statement that is true for 1 situation to another situation w/out considereing how they're different. |
| False analogy | when the differences between the things compared are greater than the similarities. |
| Post Hoc | an error in reasoning based on the assumption that just b/c 1 event follows another, the 1st caused the 2nd. |
| Ad populum | a fallacious argument that appeals to popular prejudices. |
| hasty/sweeping generalization | Jumping to conclusions. Applying a statement that is true for 1 situation to another situation w/out considereing how they're different. |
| Slippery slope | when you argue that 1 event will inevitably lead through a series of related events resulting in disaster. |
| Oversimplification | when an argument reduces complex issues to a simple argument. Leaves out important info-->misleading. |
| Stacking the Deck | ignoring evidence or arguments that don't support their position. |
| Appeal to ignorance | refusing to accept the burden of proof and trying to use the lack of evidence as evidence to support a claim. |
| Non sequitur | "It does not follow." a conclusion that has no apparent connection to the reasons. |
| False dilemma | trying to force readers to accept a conclusion by presenting only 2 options, 1 is clearly more desirable than the other. |
| straw person | oversimplified and distorted version of another's viewpt that is easy to refute. |
| Denotation | the literal meaning of a word |
| Connotation | refers to all the other implications/ associations we attach to a word. |
| Metaphor | a comparison in which you "transfer the meaning of one thing or object to another." |
| simile | type of metaphor using like or as. |
| analogy | explaining something unfamiliar by a comparison to something more familiar. |
| allusion | reference to a historical event or person |
| imagery | vivid language that evokes a mental image of what is being described. |
| overstatement | hyperbole. use of exaggeration to make a pt. |
| understatement | to represent something in terms that do not fully encapsulate its magnitude. |
| personification | giving human characteristics to nonhumans |
| rhetorical question | a stated question that does not necessitate a reply/answer. |
| irony | saying one thing but meaning the opposite. |
| stases | Fact, Definition, Quality, procedure |
| Topoi | places to find an argument. |
| Point-last paragraph | a paragraph where the point occurs at the end. |
| point-first paragraph | a paragraph where the point occurs toward the beginning. |
Created by:
mteerlink
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