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Chapter 10-Sodbuster
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| subsistence farming | the practice of producing enough food to feed one's family, but not enough to sell at market |
| Homestead Act | 1862 law that provided up to 160 acres of land to settlers who would live on it and farm it for five years |
| land speculator | someone who buys and sells land, hoping to make a profit, often at great financial risk |
| market | an area of economic activity in which people buy and sell goods and services. Markets are where prices are determined. |
| diversified farming | the practice of producing a variety of crops and livestock on one farm. |
| Grange | a nationwide organization for farmers that supports their economic well-being and their political interest. |
| Why settlers came to Minnesota? | promise of abundant, productive and cheap land |
| Where settlers came from? | other parts of the United States, Canada, Sedan, Norway, Germany, Ireland, England |
| Why did people believe Minnesota was headed toward a time of peace, prosperity and good fortune? | Because of the agriculture available in Minnesota. The land was relatively flat and its rich soil could support crops. |
| What were some hardships farmers faced in the 1870s? | Grasshopper plagues and long harsh winters |
| How could a farmer get a homestead? | Homestead Act - after living on land for 5 years, building a house, farming land the government sold them the land. |
| What is another way a farmer could get a homestead? | Buy it from a railroad company, Settle on land without permission and then buying, Government programs that offered free land to soldiers |
| Why did farmers need a market? | To make an income |
| What crop did Minnesotans entirely depend on which turned out to be a mistake. | wheat |
| Why did it turn out to be a mistake to plant the same crop each year? | The same crop each year used up all the nutrients. Farmers who depended on the same crop each year had a difficult time when prices for that crop fell. |
| What did a father do on a farm? | plow, plant, harvest, repair buildings, care for animals, logger, vet, lawyer, well digger, accountant |
| What did a mother do on a farm? | tend to the children, cook, laundry, housecleaning, make soap and clothes, preserved fruits and vegetables, harvest food, care for animals |
| What did the children do on a farm? | carry firewood, bring water from well, weed the garden, gather eggs, bring cows for milking, help in the fields |
| What was the nationwide organization for farmers that supports their economic well-being and political interests called? | the Grange |
| Who was the farmer that founded the Grange with six other men in 1867? | Oliver H. Kelley |
| What was another name for the Grange? | Patrons of Husbandry |
| What was the purpose in a Grange meeting? | To share concerns, to learn about new farming techniques, and to enjoy ones company |
| Why did the Grange members join cooperatives? | To get better prices when they sold produce and bought things for the farm. |
| Grangers eventually got involved in politics. What did they band together against? | The railroad |
| What were five changes that the railroad brought to Lincoln County? | Goods could be transported at a lower cost, towns could grow faster, people were connected to the rest of MN and the U.S., Travel times reduced, mail traveled faster, buy and sell to people far away, farmers produce more, so they bought more land. |
| How did the expansion of railroads in Minnesota impact the state's population growth? | land was more accessible, attracted immigrants, encouraged settlement on those lands, carried settlers and goods westward, population grew from 172,000 to 780,000, recruiting agents went to Europe to encourage settlement in Minnesota |
| Why did the Grangers campaign for railroad regulation? | railroads were increasing shipping and storing prices, railroads cheated farmers by telling them their goods weren't worth as much as they really were |
| Why was James J. Hill called the Empire Builder? | He built and expanded railroads across the U.S. and Canada, He became one of the most powerful business leaders in the country, he expanded his holdings into coal mines, iron mines, waterpower facilities, and steamships, he influenced agricultural prices. |
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wiltsb