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earth science ch 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| terrigenous sediment | sediment that originates on land and consists primarily of mineral grains that were eroded from continental rocks and transported to the ocean |
| biogenous sediment | sediment that is biological in origin and consists of shells and skeletons of marine animals and algae |
| hydrogenous sediment | sediment that consists of minerals that crystallize directly from ocean water through various chemical reactions |
| oil and natural gas | main energy products currently being obtained from the ocean floor |
| source of today's deposits of oil and natural gas | ancient remains of microscopic organisms |
| methane | most common gas hydrate |
| major resources from the ocean floor | sand and gravel, evaporative salts, manganese |
| manganese nodules | contain high concentrations of manganese, iron, and smaller concentrations of copper, nickel, and cobalt |
| cobalt that is mined from manganese nodules used in industry | required to produce strong alloys with other metals |
| halite | the most economically important salt used for seasoning, curing, and preserving foods; also used in agriculture, clothes industry for dying fabric, and to de-ice roads; common table salt |
| continental margin | the zone of transition between a continent and the adjacent ocean basin floor |
| continental shelf | the gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline |
| continental slope | the steep gradient that leads to the deep ocean floor and marks the seaward edge of the continental shelf |
| submarine canyon | deep, steep sided valleys known as submarine canyons that are cut into the continental slope |
| turbidity currents | occasional movements of dense, sediment-rich water down the continental slope |
| continental rise | the steep continental slope merges into a more gradual incline |
| 30% | percentage of the Earth's surface occupied by the basin floor |
| deep-ocean trenches | long, narrow creases in the ocean floor that form the deepest parts of the ocean |
| abyssal plains | a very level area of the deep ocean floor, usually lying at the foot of the continental rise |
| seamounts | the submerged volcanic peaks that dot the ocean floor |
| mid-ocean ridges | found near the center of most ocean basins |
| seafloor spreading | occurs at divergent plate boundaries where two lithospheric plates are moving apart |
| new ocean floor | formed at mid-ocean ridges as magma rises between the diverging plates and cools |
| 71% | percentage of Earth's surface covered by the global ocean |
| oceanography | the scientific study of the oceans and oceanic phenomena |
| Pacific Ocean | largest ocean basin; average depth of 3940 m |
| bathymetry | the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor |
| sonar | an acronym for sound navigation and ranging |
| submersible | a small underwater craft used for deep sea research |
Created by:
csuddarth