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COMM 1100 Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary purpose of informative presentations? | to share one’s knowledge of a subject with an audience |
| Which of the following is NOT true of the interactional model of public speaking? | It provides a theory of ‘feedback’ to describe how individuals simultaneously co-create messages |
| What is the dialogic model of communication? | dialogical theory: Theory of public speaking that views public speaking as a dialogue between the speaker and her or his audience |
| What are the main components of the dialogic model of communication? | 1. Dialogue is more natural than monologue 2. Meanings are in people not words 3. Contexts and social situations impact perceived meanings |
| What is a thought leader? | an individual who contributes new ideas that help various aspects of society |
| What are the planks of the ethics pyramid? | intent-the degree to which an individual is cognitively aware of her or his behavior, the means one uses, and ends one achieves means-the tools or behaviors that one employs to achieve a desired outcome ends-the outcomes that one desires to achieve |
| What does it mean to show freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent in your speech? | it means that you are willing to hear different opinions, honor free speech, and seek out a variety of perspectives/viewpoints |
| What is the right of free speech? | the right to express information, ideas, and opinions free of government restrictions based on content and subject only to reasonable limitations |
| What is communication apprehension? | the fear or anxiety associated with either real or perceived communication with another person or persons |
| What is the best strategy for managing frequent delivery errors? | Take a pause, slow down delivery, pay attention to breathing |
| What are the different forms of speech anxiety? | trait anxiety context anxiety audience anxiety situational anxiety |
| positive visualization | using the imagination to control stress and create images of success |
| systematic desensitization | a behavioral modification technique that reduces anxiety by gradually exposing the individual to the object or situation they fear while teaching them basic relaxation techniques |
| distributive preparation | spreading out memorizing across the day instead of in one large chunk of time |
| What constitutes a “worthwhile topic”? | neat, need, now, new (“four N’s”) |
| What are the three kinds of audience analysis? | demographic analysis psychographic analysis situational audience analysis |
| demographic analysis | audience analysis based on gender, age range, marital status, race, or socioeconomic status |
| psychographic analysis | audience analysis based on audience values, opinions, attitudes, and beliefs |
| situational audience analysis | audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion |
| What is ethnocentrism? | the belief that one’s own culture is the standard to which other cultures should aspire |
| What are ethos, pathos, and logos? | ethos=(credibility) the perception that the speaker is honest, knowledgeable, and rightly motivated pathos=(emotional) persuading by appealing to emotions logos= (logical) clarity and logic of the claim, and effectiveness of supporting evidence |
| What constitutes an appropriate informative speech? | Narrow scope; address an issue of common dispute |
| What constitutes an appropriate persuasive speech? | Narrow scope; address an issue of common dispute, change core beliefs or audience dispositions, should not be manipulative (playing with their emotions) |
| pure persuasion | when a speaker urges the audience to participate in certain behavior or change a point of view because the speaker really believes the change is in the audience’s best interest- through a course of action |
| What is a constraint? | any limitation you may have as a speaker- four primary constraints are purpose, audience, context, and time frame |
| What end results do researchers aim for? | facts, theories, and applications |
| What is a Boolean search? | Being able to narrow a search by including “AND”, “NOT”, “OR” to return a more specific search |
| What web-based resources are best for academic articles? For periodicals? | -JSTOR (humanities based), Ebsco Host (general academic articles) -Lexis Nexis (Periodicals, newspapers, magazines, court cases) |
| How would one evaluate a source for its reliability? | Ask these questions: What is the date of publication? Who is the author? Who is the publisher? Is it academic or nonacademic? What is the quality of the bibliography/reference page? Do people cite the work? |
| What must an introduction do? | All of the above (gain the audience’s attention, state the purpose of your speech, establish credibility, preview your main ideas) |
| What are the kinds of Attention Getting Device? | there are 11: Reference to subject, reference to audience, quotation, reference to current events, historical reference, anecdote, startling statement, question, humor, personal reference, reference to occasion |
| What must the minimal introduction for every speech contain? | AGD, thesis, research question, purpose, preview |
| spatial organization | a speaker organized information according to how things fit in a physical space (example: describing the confederate states in the Civil War by border states, deep south states, and western states) |
| chronological organization | places the main idea in the time order it occurred (example: Churchill’s speeches prior, during, and after WWII) |
| causal organization | built upon two main points: cause and effect (example: point one is the history of alcohol abuse among Native Americans, and point two is the effects of that abuse on the Native American population) |
| biographical organization | when a speaker wants to describe a person’s life |
| psychological organization | speech built on basic logic; a leads to b and b leads to c (example: a. how laughing affects the body b. how the bodily effects can help healing c. strategies for using humor in healing) |
| What defines a psychological or logically dependent analysis | They’re the same thing- they build up to a conclusion |
| What are primacy, recency, and serial position effect? | Primacy=strongest evidence in 1st point Recency=strongest point last Serial position effect= the info at the middle of the speech is often forgotten |
| What is the best way to establish continuity in your conclusion? | returning to thesis, AGD, and a review statement |
| What is the minimal structure for a conclusion? | review, restatement of thesis, return to AGD |
| Testing the logical relation of the parts of a speech means | Making sure the order of the main points makes sense |
| Testing the relevance of supporting ideas means making sure | all sources are qualified to speak on the topic |
| What are subordination and coordination? | subordination= hierarchy of points/numbering coordination=related evidence has same numeration |
| What is extemporaneous speaking? | the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech using brief notes, spoken in a conversational manner; helps the speaker be seen as knowledgeable and credible |
| How would one mark transitions in the speech? | Pause, road map statement, move, change eye contact from one person to another |
| What are the three basic goals of informative speaking? | accuracy, clarity, and listener interest |
| How would one identify excessive abstraction in a speech? | too wide of a base for what you’re talking about- too general, not specific |
| On the first day of class, Jimmy described his deep love of NASCAR racing, with groans of disapproval from his classmates. In his speech, Jimmy decided to return to the topic of NASCAR. What error did Jimmy commit in his audience analysis? | He failed to identify what they would be interested in knowing more about. |
| For her speech of introduction, Audrey delivers her speech about how she collected the caps, the plans she has for them, and other crafts she has done in the past. What error(s) did Audrey commit in selecting her topic? | She did not identify ways her audience would find this information useful and interesting. |
| Logos (Greek for 'word') | the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of its supporting evidence. The impact of logos on an audience is sometimes called the argument's logical appeal. |
| Ethos (Greek for 'character') | refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the writer or speaker. It can also be affected by the writer's reputation as it exists independently from the message. The impact of ethos is often called the argument's 'ethical appeal' |
| [P]athos (Greek for 'suffering' or 'experience') | is associated with emotional appeal. But a better equivalent might be 'appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination.' |
Created by:
wdaniel