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Anatomy
Larynx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the superficial landmark of the larynx? | Laryngeal Prominence |
| Between what vertebrae is the larynx lie? | C4-C6 |
| What are the four major cartilages of the larynx | Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Epiglottic |
| Which is the largest cartilage of the larynx? | Thyroid Cartilage |
| In the thyroid cartilage,what do the two broad laminae that are continuous anteriorly form? | Thyroid Notch and Laryngeal Prominence |
| What do the dorsal edges of the laminae of the thyroid cartilage bear? | Superior and Inferior Horns (Cornu) |
| What bridges the gap between the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone? | Thyrohyoid Membrane |
| Which cartilage of the larynx is ring-shaped? | Cricoid Cartilage |
| Which cartilage of the larynx is characterized by a narrow anterior arch and a broad posterior lamina? | Cricoid Cartilage |
| Which cartilage of the larynx is has prominent vocal and muscular processes? | Arytenoid Cartilage |
| Which cartilage of the larynx is pyramid-shaped? | Arytenoid Cartilage |
| What makes up the conus elasticus? | Vocal ligament + Cricothyroid ligament |
| What cartilage of the larynx is leaf shaped? | Epiglottic Cartilage |
| What does the epiglottic cartilage form? | Anterior wall of Laryngeal Aditus |
| The epiglottic cartilage is attached by ligaments to both ________ and ________. | Hyoid bone, Thyroid cartilage |
| Which major laryngeal cartilage(s) is/are paired? | Arytenoid Cartilage |
| Which major laryngeal cartilage(s) is/are unpaired? | Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottic |
| Which are the two minor laryngeal cartilages? | Corniculate, Cuneiform |
| Which cartilage of the larynx is small and cone-shaped? | Corniculate Cartilage |
| Which cartilage of the larynx is small and is on the upper edge of the quadrangular? | Cuneiform |
| Which minor laryngeal cartilage(s) is/are paired? | Corniculate, Cuneiform |
| Which major laryngeal cartilage(s) is/are unpaired? | None |
| Severe bacterial/viral infection to the larynx can result in a high fever. What is the only prescription for said fever? | More Cowbell |
| Which laryngeal cartilages (both major and minor) are paired? | Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform |
| Which laryngeal cartilages (both major and minor) are unpaired? | Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottic |
| Which cartilage of the larynx is directly below the thyroid cartilage? | Cricoid Cartilage |
| Which cartilage of the larynx is situated atop the superior edge of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage? | Arytenoid Cartillage |
| What are the elastic tissues of the larynx? | Quadrangular Membrane, Conus Elasticus |
| What extends from the sides of the epiglottis cartilage to the comiculate and arytenoid cartilages? | Quadrangular Membrane |
| What arises from the upper border of the arch of the cricoid cartilage and extends upward and medially? | Conus Elasticus |
| What do the upper edges of both sheets of conus elasticus form? | Vocal Ligaments |
| What do the vocal ligaments extend from and to? | From thyroid cartilage, To arytenoid cartilage |
| What reflects over the lateral and medial sides of the quadrangular membrane? | Mucosa of Piriform Recess |
| What does the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane create? | Aryepiglottic Fold |
| What is created as the mucosa of the piriform recess reflects laterally about the lower free edge of the quadrangular membrane? | Vestibular Fold |
| What is created as the mucosa of the piriform recess reflects laterally from the vestibular fold? It is a small lateral recess | Ventricle of Larynx |
| What is created as inferior leaf of the ventricle of the larynx continues over the free edge of the vocal ligament? | Vocal Fold (Cord) |
| After the vocal fold, what does the mucosa of the piriform recess continue down to? | Medial surface of the conus elastic |
| What are the cavities and spaces created by the mucosal reflection? | Aditus, Vestibule, Rima vestibuli, Ventricle, Rima glottidis, Subglottic (infrglottic) cavity |
| What is the space that forms the entrance to the larynx? | Aditus |
| The aditus is bounded anteriory by _________, laterally by _______, and posteriorly by both __________ and __________. | Epiglottis, Aryepiglottic folds, Corniculate tubercles and Artynoideuus mm |
| What is mucous membrane covered corniculate cartilages? | Corniculate tubercles |
| What is the cavity between medial surfaces of the two qudrangular membranes? | Vestibule |
| What is the space between the vestibular folds? | Rima Vestibulli |
| What is the small lateral recess created by the mucosal reflections? | Ventricle |
| What is the space between vocal cords? | Rima Glottidis |
| What is the cavity extending from vocal cords to inferior border of cricoid cartilage? | Subglottic (Infrglottic) Cavity |
| Where does the cricothyroid muscle arise from? | Anterolateral surface of arch of cricoid cartilage |
| Where does the cricothyroid muscle insert on to? | Lower aspect of thyroid lamina |
| What is the action of cricothyroid muscle? | Pulls the thyroid cartilage toward the Arch of Cricoid |
| What is the action of the cricothyroid muscle in respect to the vocal cord? | Lengthens, Tenses, and Adducts Vocal Cord |
| Where does the posterior cricoarytenoid arise from? | Posterior surface of cricoid lamina |
| Where does the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle insert on to? | Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage |
| What is the action of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle? | Rotates arytenoid cartilage laterally |
| What is the action of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in respect to the vocal cord? | Abducts Vocal Cord |
| Where does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle arise from? | Upper and outer surfaces of cricoid arch |
| Where does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle insert on to? | Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage |
| What is the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle an antagonist to? | Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle |
| What is the action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle? | Rotates arytenoid cartilage medially |
| What is the action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle in respect to the vocal cord? | Adducts Vocal Cord |
| What does the transverse arytenoid (arytenoideus) muscle extend between? | Posterior surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages |
| What is the action of the transverse arytenoid muscle? | Approximates the Arytneoid Cartilages |
| What muscle does the oblique arytenoid muscle extend obliquely between posterior surfaces of arytenoid cartilages with? | Aryepiglottic Muscle |
| What does the aryepiglottic muscle act as? | A sphincter for the aditus |
| What is the action of the aryepiglottic muscle? | Brings aryepiglottic folds together and approximates arytenoid cartilages to tubercle of epiglottis |
| What does the thyroarytenoid muscle arise from? | Inner surface of thyroid lamina (near midline) |
| What does the thyroarytenoid muscle insert onto? | Lateral surface of arytenoid cartilage |
| The thyroarytenoid lies between ________ and _______, and lies above _______. | Quadrangular membrane and Thyroid lamina, Lateral Cricoarytenoid mm |
| What is the action of the thyroarytenoid muscle? | Pulls arytneoid cartilage anteriorly, Rotates arytenoid cartilage medially |
| What is the action of the thyroarytenoid muscle in respect to the vocal cord? | Reduces tension and shortens vocal cord, Adducts vocal cord |
| What does the vocalis muscle arise from? | Inner midline surface of thyroid lamina |
| What does the vocalis muscle insert onto? | Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage |
| What does the vocalis muscle lie against and tightly adheres to? | Conus Elasticus |
| What is the action of the vocalis muscle in respect to the vocal cord? | Adducts, Tenses, Shortening Vocal Cord |
| The vocalis muscle can shorten the vocal cord, which is an action opposed by whom? | Cricothyroid Muscle |
| What nerve sends motor axons to all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid)? | Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve of Vagus |
| What is the only intrinsic muscle of the larynx that does not receive motor axons by the recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus? | Cricothyroid |
| What nerve sends motor axons to the cricothyroid muscle? | External Branch of the Supeior Laryngeal Nerve of Vagus |
| What nerve has sensory axons for portions of the larynx from the mucosa above the vocal cords? | Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve of Vagus |
| What nerve has sensory axons for portions of the larynx from the mucosa at and below the level of vocal cords? | Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve of Vagus |
| What blood vessels are associated with the upper half of the larynx? | Superior laryngeal br of Superior Thyroid artery/vein |
| What blood vessels are associated with the lower half of the larynx? | Inferior laryngeal br of Inferior Thyroid artery/vein |
Created by:
Joel.Martens