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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
CH 8 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach | esophagus |
| sac-like organ composed of the fundus (upper, rounded part), body (main portion), antrum (lower part) | stomach |
| narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine | pylorus |
| ring-like muscle that controls the flow the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine | pyloric sphincter |
| first portion of the small intestines | duodenum |
| 2nd portion of the small intestines | jejunum |
| last and longest part of the portion of the small intestine | ileum |
| pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen | cecum |
| travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon | descending colon |
| s-shaped that continues from the descending colon above and joins with rectum below | sigmoid below |
| widest division of the large intestine, makes up the last 4 in of the large intestine and ends at the anus | rectum |
| lower opening of the digestive tract | anus |
| single unit | anorectul |
| provides channel through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine | billiary tree |
| trunk, outside of the liver | common hepatic duct |
| bile travels from the liver through the common hepatic to the gallbladder where it enters and exits | cystic duct |
| common bile duct | pancreatic duct |
| pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver | gallbladder |
| pertaining to the gallbladder | cholecystic |
| soft, 6-in long oblong gland that is located behind the stomach | pancreas |
| process of all the involved in the body's use of nutrients | metabolism |
| chewing | mastication |
| mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed | bolus |
| a series of wave-like contraction of the smooth muscle in a single direction | peristalsis |
| semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach, through the pyloric sphincter, and into the small intestines | chyme |
| cold sores fever blisters | herpes liabialis |
| candida albicans grows out of control | oral thrush |
| upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus | esophageal varices |
| a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through the opening in the diaphragm | hiatal hernia |
| inflammation of the stomach; lining by bacterium | gastritis |
| excessive secretion of gastric juices or mucus in the stomach | gastrorrhea |
| sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system | peptic ulcers |
| peptic ulcers that are in the stomach | gastric ulcers |
| peptic ulcers in the upper part of the small intestines | duodenal ulcers |
| complication of a peptic ulcer in which the ulcer erodes through the entire thickness of the organ wall | perforating ulcer |
| loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease | anorexia |
| eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance | anorexia nervosa |
| an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives | bulimia nervosa |
| condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body's normal electrolyte balance | dehydration |
| lack of food of proper food or nutrients in the body due to a shortage of food, poor eating habits or the inability of the ability of the body to digest, absorb, and distribute these nutrients | malnutrition |
| condition where small intestine can't absorb nutrients from food that passes through it | malabsorption |
| a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat | morbid obesity |
| a measure of body fat based on height and weight | body mass index |
| vomitting | emesis |
| act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach | eructation |
| vomitting of blood | hematemesis |
| extreme persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration, morning sickness | hyperemesis |
| return of swallowed food into the mouth | regurgitation |
| colon cancer | colorectal carcinoma |
| presence of a number of diverticula in the colon | diverticulosis |
| inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon | diverticulitis |
| inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated w/viral and bacterial pathogens | enteritis |
| partial or complete blockage of the small/large intestine | illeus |
| spastic colon; aggravated by stress | irritable bowel syndrome |
| chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation | ulcerative colitis |
| chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive | crohn's disease |
| abnormally hold together parts of the intestine that normally should be separate | intestinal adhesions |
| the blood flow to a segment of the intestine is cut off | strangulating obstruction |
| the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes obstruction | volvulus |
| occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off | strangulation hernia |
| small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during the bowel movement | anal fissure |
| inability to control the excretion of feces | bowel incontinence |
| piles, cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening | hemorrhoids |
| passage of black, tarry, foul smelling stools | melena |
| an inflammation of the liver | hepatitis |
| abnormally enlargement of the liver | hepatomegaly |
| yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and eyes | jaundice |
| progressive degenerative disease of the liver that is often caused by excessive alcohol use or viral hepatitis B or C | Cirrhosis |
| an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity | ascites |
| an acute infection of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice | cholangitis |
| inflammation of the gallbladder | cholecystitis |
| a hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to the concentration of bile components | gallstones |
| presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts | cholelithiasis |
| noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves | abdominal ultrasound |
| endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach, upper duodenum | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum | colonoscopy |
| endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, & possibly a portion of the descending colon | sigmoidoscopy |
| treatment, a solution electrolytes is administered in liquid preparation to counteract the dehydration that can accompany severe diarrhea, especially in young children | oral rehydration therapy |
| the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach | nasogastric intubation |
| surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the stomach | gastrostomy tube |
| administered to patients who can't, shouldn't, get their nutrition through eating. intravenously for 10-12 hrs once a day or 5 times a week | total parental (not in, through, the digestive system) nutrition |
| surgical removal of all or part of the colon | colectomy |
| establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum | gastroduodenostomy |
| surgical removal of the ileum | ileectomy |
| surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall | ileostomy |
| incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones | choledocholithotomy |
| surgical removal of the gall bladder | cholecystectomy |
| surgical removal of the gall bladder using a laparoscope and other instrument inserted through three or four small incisions in the abdominal wall | laparoscopic cholecystectomy |
| travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver | ascending colon |
| passes right to left toward the spleen | transverse colon |
| a blood-borne disease, transmitted through contact with blood and other body fluids that are contaminated with this virus HBV | Hepatitis B |
| transmitted through blood and other body fluids that are contaminated with this virus; silent epidemic, it can present in the body before any symptoms occur and destroys the liver | Hepatitis C |
| blood-borne disease that only occurs as a co-infection with B infection; no specific vaccine for HDV | Hepatitis D |
| transmitted through contaminated food and water, not common in the US | Hepatitis E |
| cystic bile duct leaving the gallbladder rejoins the common hepatic duct | common bile duct |
| difficulty swallowing | dysphagia |
| protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the abdominal wall or groin | inguinal hernia |
Created by:
kc1769