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physicsexam

Stack #184261

QuestionAnswer
the least abundant gas in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide
the most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen
weather phenomena such as clouds and storms are found in the troposphere
the highest of the following is the ionosphere
atmospheric pressure is half its sea-level value at an altitude of 5km (16,400ft)
the ozone in the stratosphere absorbs solar uv radiation
the breakdown of the ozone layer is promoted by the emission into the atmosphere of cholorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases used in refrigeration
when a warm, moist air mass moves upward, it cools because it expands
ice crystals usually occur in high altitude clouds
the chief source of atmospheric heat is infrared radiation from the earth itself
the earth's axis is currently tilted relative to the plane of its orbit by 23.5 degrees
if the earth's axis were less tilted than it is today, the difference between the average temperatures of winter and summer would decrease
heat is transported around the earth mainly by winds
a wind in the northern hemisphere begins to blow toward the north. because of the coriolis effect the wind is deflected toward the east
the gulf stream is an ocean current that warms the west coast of europe
the most abundant ions in sea water are Na+ and Cl-
most of the world's freshwater is found frozen in anarctica
of the following, the gas that contributes the most to global warming is carbon dioxide
the winds in a northern hemisphere cyclone spiral counterclockwise toward its center
the generally easterly winds that blow on both sides of the equator are called trade winds
on a summer night coastal land cools below the temperature of the nearby sea. the result is a "land breeze" that blows offshore
the process by which air heated by contact with a warm part of the earth's surface rises upward is called convection
which statement about minerals is not true? most of the known minerals are common in nature
the tendency of certain minerals to split along particular planes is called cleavage
feldspar is the most abundant mineral in the earth's crust
igneous rocks have been formed by cooling from a molten state
an example of a light-colored, coarse-grained intrusive rock is granite
an example of a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock is basalt
the metamorphism of shale may produce slate
the metamorphosis of limestone may produce marble
coral reefs are composed of limestone
each step of 1 on the richter scale of earthquake magnitude corresponds to a change in energy release of a factor of about 100
most earthquakes are caused by shifts of rocks along faults in the crust
earthquakes are least likely to occur in russia
earthquakes often occur in regions where volcanoes are found
the earth's crust varies in thickness from about 5km under the oceans to about 35km under the continents
volcanic gases do not include ozone
magma is molten rock underground
an aquifer is a body of porous rock that contains groundwater
the number of volcanoes active today is about 500
material deposited by groundwater in cracks in rocks forms veins
the greatest amount of freshwater is found in icecaps and glaciers
stalactites are found hanging from the roofs of limestone caves
a moraine is a pile of rock debris left by a glacier
a stream's ability to transport debris does not depend on the water temperature
the chief source of energy that powers geological processes today is radioactivity in the earth's interior
most mechanical weathering is the result of the freezing of water in crevices in rock
one of the rocks that is least resistant to chemical weathering is limestone
a fracture in the earth's crust one side of which has moved relative to the other is called a fault
relative to the thickness of the earth's crust under the oceans, under the continents the crust is thicker
the earth's crust in midocean may have rifts through which molten rock rises and spreads out
pangaea consisted of laurasia and gondwana
the shell of rigid rock that makes up the earth's crust and the outer part of the mantle is called the lithosphere
compared with the granitic continental crust, basaltic oceanic crust is more dense
the magnetizations of ocean-floor rocks alternate in strips parallel to adjacent midocean ridges
the boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other is called a transform fault
most volcanoes are found along subduction zones where oceanic plates move under continental plates
the san andreas fault in california is the result of the pacific plate moving parallel to the north american plate
in the course of 100 years a lithosphere plate will typically have moved 3m
the youngest of the following mountain ranges is the himalayas
iceland was once magma that rose from the mid-atlantic ridge
the theory of evolution is credited to charles darwin
radiocarbon dating is limited to the remains of plants and animals that died no longer ago than about 40,000 years
fossils are least likely to be found in granite
the oldest division of geologic time is precambrian time
the most recent division of geologic time is the cenozoic era
living things have been present on the earth for most of its existence
paleozoic rocks are noteworthy for the presence of coal deposits
birds are descended from dinosaurs
classed as mammals are human beings
mammals originated in the mesozoic era
what statement is in accord with present knowledge coal originated from plant matter and petroleum from marine life
pangaea split into laurasia and gondwana during the mesozoic era
the dinosaurs were reptiles
the dinosaurs disappeared at the end of the mesozoic era
iridium is an element relatively rare on earth but abundant in meteorites
during the cenozoic era mammals became the dominant form of animal life
in the past century, the world's population has increased by about 400 percent
most of the mass in the solar system is located in the sun
comets consist of leftover matter from the early solar system
comet tails are longest near the sun
the solar wind consists of ions streaming from the sun
meteor showers occur at the same times each year
when visibility is good and there are no meteor showers, it is possible to see about 5 to 10 meteors per hour
meteoroids follow orbits around the sun
the oort cloud which lies outside the orbit of neptune, consists mainly of comets
the planets are visible because they reflect sunlight
one of the least dense planets is neptune
the planet with the shortest year is mercury
the planet with the longest year is neptune
venus is unlikely to support life because its surface is too hot
a planet that consists largely of compressed gases is neptune
at full moon, the moon is on the opposite side of the earth from the sun
an eclipse of the sun can occur only when the moon passes directly between the earth and the sun
the moon has an abundance of craters
in the past 3 billion years the main influence on the lunar landscape has been meteoroid impacts
stars seem to twinkle because of turbulent movements in the earth's atmosphere
the temperature of a star directly affects its color
a star whose spectral lines are shifted toward the red end of the spectrum is moving away from us
the sun has an atmosphere that extends out well into the solar system
the two chief elements in the sun are hydrogen and helium
the source of the sun's energy is nuclear fusion
the interior of the sun consists of ions
nuclear reactions in the sun's interior convert hydrogen into helium
auroras consist of excited gases in the upper atmosphere
the star nearest to the sun is approximately 4 light-years away
a star must have a certain minimum mass in order that gravity squeeze its matter sufficiently to produce a temperature high enough for nuclear reactions to start
the color of a relatively hot star is blue
if we know the surface temperature and intrinsic brightness of a star we can find its size
in the HR diagram, most stars are members of the main sequence
the less the mass of a main-sequence star, the cooler it is
stars at the upper end of the main sequence have high temperatures and large masses
the sun will remain its present size and temperature for a few billion years longer
red giant stars have relatively low surface temperatures
white dwarfs are stars that are at the end of their life cycles
neutron stars are about 20km in diameter
the smallest of the celestial objects is a neutron star
at the end of its period in the main sequence, a very heavy star explodes into a supernova
the heaviest elements on the earth were produced in supernova explosions
relatively few stars become supernovas
pulsars are unlikely to be members of the main sequence
what keeps light from escaping from a black hole is its strong gravitational field
black holes can be detected when part of a binary system
at the end of its period in the main sequence, a star whose mass is near that of the sun expands into a red giant
the main sequence on the HR diagram includes the sun
the majority of main-sequence stars are red
the earth's magnetic field influences auroras
streams of protons and electrons from the sun do not affect comet heads
the number of sunspots increases and decreases in an 11-year cycle
the sun does not have a solid core
Created by: janna1337
 

 



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