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Chemistry Review
ESL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | the smallest particle of matter that has the properties of one element |
| Electron | very small negatively charged particle found inside an atom |
| Proton | positively charged particle found inside the atom's nucleus; has same mass as a neutron |
| Neutron | particle with no charge found inside the atom's nucleus; has same mass as a proton |
| Ion | an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons; is charged |
| Isotope | atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| Valence | outermost shell electrons of an atom |
| cation | positively charged ion |
| anion | negatively charged ion |
| compound | a pure substance made up of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio |
| molecule | a cluster of atoms that stick together as one particle |
| pure substance | |
| mixture | |
| homogeneous mixture | |
| heterogeneous mixture | |
| Particle Theory of Matter | |
| Chemical Symbol | a single capital letter with or without a lowercase letter; represents one element |
| Atomic number | number of protons in the atom's nucleus |
| Atomic mass | number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus |
| Orbital shell = Energy level | where electrons are found inside an atom |
| Nucleus | small dense center of an atom; where protons and neutrons are found |
| Group (on Periodic table of Elements) | a vertical column on periodic table of elements; a family of related elements |
| Period (on Periodic table of Elements) | a horizontal row on periodic table of elements |
| Element | a type of pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically |
| Chemical change | a process that changes the particles of matter by rearranging their atoms |
| Physical change | a process that changes the physical properties of matter while keeping the particles the same |
| Chemical formula | shows the number of atoms and types of elements in a compound |
| Density | mass per volume |
| neutral | no charge; equal number of electrons and protons |
| precipitate | a new solid formed inside a solution of two liquids |
Created by:
teresa.yang
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