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StatsCh1-3
Statistics Terms Chapter 1-3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Descriptive Statistics | consists of methods for organizing and summarizing information |
| Population | collection of all individuals or items under consideration in a statistical study |
| Sample | that part of the population from which information is obtained |
| Inferential statistics | consists of methods for drawing and maturing the reliability of conclusions about a population based on information obtained from a sample of the population |
| Observational study | researchers simply observe characteristics and take measurements, as in a sample survey |
| Designed experiment | researchers impose treatments and controls and then observe characteristics and take measurements |
| Simple random sampling | a sampling procedure for which each possible sample of a given size is equally likely to be the one obtained |
| Systematic Random Sampling | 1) Divide population by sample size (m) 2) Use a random number (k) between 1 and m 3) select k, k+m... |
| Cluster Sampling | Divide population into clusters, obtain a simple random sample of the clutters, use all members of the cluster as sample |
| Experimental Unit | individuals or items on which the experiment is performed |
| subject | experimental units are humans |
| Control | two or more treatments should be compared |
| Randomization | the experimental units should be randomly divided into groups to avoid unintentional selection bias in constituting the groups |
| Replication | a sufficient number of experimental units should be used to ensure that randomization creates groups that resemble each other closely and to increase the changes of detecting any differences among the treatments |
| Treatment group | group receiving the specified treatment |
| Control group | group receiving the placebo |
| response variable | characteristics of the experimental outcome that is to be measured or observed (what you're looking for) |
| Factor | a variable whose effect on the response variable is of interest in the experiment |
| Treatment | each experimental condition |
| Population | ___ is almost always unreachable |
| Variable | a characteristics that varies from one person or thing to another |
| Qualitative variable | a non-numerically valued variable |
| Quantitative variable | a numerically valued variable |
| Discrete variable | a quantitative variable whose possible values can be listed (whole numbers) |
| Continuous variable | a quantitative variable whose possible values form some interval of numbers (money, height, distances) |
| Data | values of a variable |
| Resistant | descriptive measure that is not sensitive to the influence of a few extreme observations (median) |
| 68% | Approximately __ of the observations lie within one standard deviation to either side of the mean. |
| 95% | Approximately __ of the observations life within two standard deviations of the mean |
| 99.7% | Approximately __ of the observations lie within three standard deviations of the man |
| outlier | observations that fall well outside the overall pattern of the data |
| potential outliers | observations that lie below the lower limit or above the upper limit are potential outliers |
| adjacent values | the most extreme values that are not potential outliers; still fall within the lower and upper limits |
Created by:
mstreet
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