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Chapter 1 Biochem
Chapter 1 Biochem Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| c=c | double bond (alkene) |
| -OH | hydroxyl group |
| -O- | ether group |
| -N< | amino group |
| -SH | sulfhydryl group |
| -C=O ' H | carbonyl group |
| -C=O ' OR | ester group |
| -C=O ' OH | carboxyl group |
| -C=O ' N ^ | amide group |
| what did molecules and cells probably arisen from what? | very simple molecules |
| what is the order of life? | atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, body |
| what are small molecules that may bond to many others to form a polymer? | monomers |
| macromolecules formed by the bonding of smaller units | polymers |
| macromolecules formed by the polymerization of amino acids | proteins |
| What were the first 3 elements present before the big bang? | H, He, Li |
| Monomer-----> | polymer |
| amino acid --------> | protein |
| nucleotides --------> | nucleic acids |
| monosaccharides --------> | polysaccharides |
| glycerol and 3 fatty acids --------> | lipids |
| what are single-celled organisms with no nucleus? | prokaryotes |
| the ability to increase the rate of a chemical reaction | catalytic activity |
| the process of increasing the rate of chemical reactions | catalysis |
| the information for the structure and function of all living organisms | genetic code |
| the total DNA of the cell | genome |
| individual units of the inheritance | genes |
| a membrane-enclosed portion of a cell with a specific function | organelle |
| the portion of prokaryotic cell that contains the DNA | nuclear region |
| the sites of protein synthesis | ribosomes |
| sites of photosynthesis in green plants | chloroplasts |
| a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic nuclei | chromatin |
| an organelle that contains the apparatus responsible for aerobic oxidation of nutrients | mitochondria |
| folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane | cristae |
| a cytoplasmic organelle that consists of flattened membranous sacs | Golgi Apparatus |
| contain hydrolytic enzymes | lysosomes |
| membrane-bounded sacs that contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide | peroxisomes |
| membrane-enclosed organelles that contain the enzymes of glyoxylate cycle | glyoxysomes |
| portion of the cell that lies outside the nucleus and the other membrane-enclosed organelles | cytosol |
| cavaties within the cytoplasm of a cell, typically enclosed by a single-membrane | vacuoles |
| what contains a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane? | eukaryotes |
| what are the 5 kingdoms? | Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Anamilia |
| what does delta G have to be to be spontaneous, pos. or neg.? nonspontaneous? equilibrium? | negative positive zero |
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KJFoster7114
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