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Anatomy Nervous Syst
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nervous system is composed of _____ and ______ | neurons / neuroglia |
| ______ ______ at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and covert it into nerve impulses | sensory receptors |
| Make up the central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| Make up the peripheral nervous system | receptors and peripheral nerves |
| Fill spaces, support neurons, provide structural frameworks, produce myelin, and carry on phagocytosis | neurologial cells |
| Small cells that phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris | microglial |
| Form myelin in the central nervous system | Oligodendrocytes |
| Located near blood vessels and support structures, aid in metabolism, and respond to brain injury by filling in spaces | Astrocytes |
| Cover the inside of ventricles and form choriod plexuses within the ventricles | Ependymal Cells |
| Myelin-producing neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system | Schwann cells |
| Nerve fibers contain a solitary outgoing ________ | axon |
| Nerve fibers contain numerous ______ which bring in impulses from the receptors | dendrites |
| The outer layer of covering in myelinated peripheral neurons | neurilemma |
| Function of neurilemma | regeneration and reparation of damaged axons |
| Narrow gaps in the myelin sheath | nodes of Ranvier |
| Conduct impulses from peripheral body parts to the CNS and are usually unipolar | sensory neurons |
| Multipolar neurons lying within the CNS that form links between other neurons | Interneurons |
| Multipolar neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to effectors | motor neurons |
| Junction between two communicating neurons | synapse |
| Gap between synapses across which an impulse must be conveyed | synaptic cleft |
| process which by the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic neuron | synaptic transmission |
| When an impulse reaches the synaptic knob of an axon, synaptic vesicles release chemicals called _______ | neurotransmitters |
| presynaptic neuron | sender |
| postsynaptic neuron | receiver |
| A cell membrane is usually polarized due to an unequal distribution of positive and negative _____ across the membrane | charges |
| The distribution of ions is determined by the membrane _____ _____ | channel proteins |
| Pass more readily through the membrane | potassium ions |
| Due to active transport, the cell maintains a greater concentration of ___________ ions OUTSIDE the membrane | sodium |
| Due to active transport, the cell maintains a greater concentration of ___________ ions INSIDE the membrane | potassium |
| The difference in electrical charge between two regions is called a _______ ______ | resting potential |
| Because neurons can respond to changes in their surroundings they are ______ | excitable |
| If a resting potential decreases the membrane becomes _________ | depolarized |
| Local potentials are _____ (the magnitude of change is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus) | graded |
| What is a threshold potential doing to the membrane? | Opening the membrane channels which causes depolarization |
| Conduct impulses over their entire membrane suface | unmyelinated fibers |
| Conduct impulses from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier (called saltatory conduction) | myelinated fibers |
| The greater the diameter of an axon, the _____ the impulse | faster |
| NOT graded | action potential |
| Action potentials are _______________ responses since a greater stimulation does not produce a stronger response (but they do produce more impulses) | all-or-none |
| Neurotransmitters are considered excitatory when... | they increase postsynaptic membrane permeability to sodium ions, triggering impulses |
| Neurotransmitters are considered inhibitory when.... | they decrease membrane permeability to sodium ions, reducing the chance that it will reach the threshold |
| afferent neurons | Send info to the CNS |
| efferent neurons | Carry info out of the CNS |
| afferent neurons | Send info to the CNS |
| efferent neurons | Carry info out of the CNS |
| somatic | the stuff you think about doing |
Created by:
DarkPeriwinkle