Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Soc Test 1 Ch.1-3
SOC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest unit sociologist study. Roommates discussing classes, husband and wife negotiating their budget, romantic couples | Dyads |
| Consist of three or more interacting people. A family, a neighborhood, a class room, work group, staff | Small groups |
| Organizations such as sports or scouting clubs, ethnic groups, and national organizations-relgious, health, and political systems | Large groups |
| Hundreds of millions of people. All residents of the U.S | Nations |
| The entire world is becoming a single interdependent entity | The global society |
| Ideas that are taken for granted and are rarely questioned. Based on personal experience are an important means of processing information and deciding on a course of action. Most are rather contradictory | common sense |
| The scientific study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Gather information and analyze the evidence in a planned, objective, systematic, & replicable scientific way. They set up studies to prove wrong | sociology |
| What do sociologists rely on | scientific evidence NOT commonsense assumptions |
| What kind of questions do sociologist ask | ask questions about human behavior in social groups and organizations that can be measured objectively and scientifically |
| Can sociologist make judgments or conclude that beliefs/ practices are right and wrong? | NO |
| Applied sociologist conduct research to help organizations do what? | solve problems that impact social policy |
| Focuses on the way of life or future of a group | cultural sociology |
| focuses on individual behavior and mental processes | psychology |
| focuses on government systems and power | political science |
| focuses on economic conditions and how people organize, produce, and distribute goods | economics |
| what do all social sciences have in common | they all study aspects of human behavior and social life |
| Understanding sociology requires an understanding of the different level of analysis- social groups from the smallest to the largest | the social world model |
| Picture the levels of analysis in our social environment as an interconnected series of small groups, organizations, institution, and societies | the social world model |
| interpersonal-sociolgy class, study group (small groups) | micro-level |
| organizations and institutions-university, sociology department (intermediate sized) | meso-level |
| nations and global communities-policy and laws governing education, world literacy programs | macro-level |
| Who coined the term The Sociological Imagination | C.Wright Mills |
| Understanding the complex interactive relationship between micro level individual experiences and macro level public issues | social imagination |
| what may be causes by environmental causes | individual hardships or privileges |
| who coined the term sociology | Auguste Comte |
| people are social beings, people spend most of their lives in groups, interactions between people and groups are reciprocal, conflict and change are inevitable, all groups have certain organizing characteristics | assumptions of sociology |
| interconnected parts of the social world | social units |
| people and groups that bring order to our lives and hold social units together | social structure |
| provide the rules, roles, and relationships to direct and control human behavior | social institutions |
| the actions taken by people in social units | social processes |
| productive members, essential for society | socialization |
| every social unit is continually changing | process of change |
| the setting surrounding each social unit | the environment |
| what is the impact of religion | reliance on magical or religious explanations |
| research model steps 1-8 | 1.select a topic 2.define the problem 3.review the literature 4.formulate a hypothesis 5.chose a research method 6.collect the data 7.analyze the results 8.share the results |
| determining exactly how to measure concepts | operatinalization |
| what century was sociology developed | the industrial revolution (mid 1800s) |
| much of the data in research is gathered using questionnaire or interviews | the survey method |
| conducted by speaking with respondents directly | interview-the survey method |
| respondents answer in writing | questionnaire-the survey method |
| allow the respondent to answer however they with | open-ended question-the survey method |
| fore the respondents to choose from amend a set of predetermined responses | close-ended questions-the survey method |
| systematic, planned observations of social interactions | field studies/observational methods |
| the researcher merely observes | detached/non-participant-field studies/observational methods |
| the researcher participates in the activity being studied | participant observation-field studies/observational methods |
| the group may be altered by the presence of the researcher | research effects-field studies/observational methods |
| all variables are controlled except the ones being studied | controlled experiments |
| subjects who are not exposed to the treatment | control group-controlled experiments |
| subjects who are exposed to the treatment | experimental-controlled experiments |
| using preexising materials in a new way | existing sources |
| using data that have already been collected for other studies | secondary analysis-existing sources |
| systematic categorization and recording of information from written or recored sources | content analysis-existing sources |
| socierty is primarily stable and orderly; all parts of the system are interrelated and necessary for societies function | structural-funcational theory |
| Comte, Durkheim, Parson, Merton | structural-funcational theory |
| fails to explain change in society assumes conflict is harmful | structural-funcational theory |
| meso and macro level theories | structural-funcational theory |
| the three functions of the structural-funcational theory | mainfest, latent, dysfunctions |
| planned outcomes for social institutions/structures | mainfest |
| unplanned or unintended outcomes for social institutions/structures | latent |
| actions that undermine the stability of society | dysfunctions |
| underlines all social relations because of injustice in society social change is desirable, especially when it can lead to greater equality; the powerful impose their values and beliefs on the weaker | conflict theory |
| Marx, Du Bois, Dahrendorf, Simmel, Coser | conflict theory |
| micro-level not explained difficult to test empirically; not effective in explaining cohesion and cooperation | conflict theory |
| criticizes the hierarchical structures in society that treat women and minorities unfairly sociology has traditionally been male dominated; rooted in conflict and symbolic interactionism | feminist theory |
| the theory should address the intersection of race, class, gender | feminist theory |
| through interactions and symbols we socially construct our world | symbolic interaction theory |
| George H, Mead, the Iowa school | symbolic interaction theory |
| neglects macro structures difficult to study concepts such as 'the mind" and "the self" | symbolic interaction theory |
| people make choices based on utilitarian factors motivated by self-interest; attempt to maximize rewards and minimize costs; every interaction involves an exchange of something valued | rational choice theory |
| macro-level and internal processes given little attentional challenge of the idea that human behavior is always self-centered or utilitarian cannot explain altruistic behavior | rational choice theory |
| Which theories are Macro-level | functionalists, conflict, feminist |
| Which theories are Micro-level | symbolic, rational |
| analysis of some aspect of society to gain knowledge | basic sociology |
| use of sociology to solve problems | applied sociology |
| middle ground between research and reform | public sociology |
| define the problem clearly, find out what is already known about the topic, and | formulate a hypotheses |
| society represents the _____and culture represents the______ | hardware, software |
| individuals that live together and interact with each other to attain common goals | hardware |
| ideas and things that are passed from generation to generation | software |
| small, simple, pre-modern societies, held together by common beliefs, values, and emotional ties, labor is divided by male/female distinctions and age groupings | mechanic |
| large, complex societies, held together by the specialization of tasks, division of labor, efficiency, institutions and bureaucratic organizations begin to exist | organic societies |
| rely on vegetation and animals to live, organized around kinship, nomadic, small, gendered division of labor, resources shared fairly, actions and behaviors dictated through tradition or survival, lack material possessions | hunter and gatherer societies |
| produce smal hers of domesticated animals for food and survival | herding societies |
| maintain small garden plots for food and survival | horticultural societies |
| make their living by cultivating food and have some control over its production status difference become important and produce inequality | semi nomadic |
| rely on raising crops for food, use technological advances for increased efficiency ad higher crop yields | agricultural societies |
| created the feral system, food surpluses allowed some individuals to leave the land and to trade goods in exchange for food | agricultural societies |
| rely on mechanized production, division of labor, rise in standard of living, wide gaps between owners and laborers, pop concentrators in citrus, kinship patterns change, smaller families, social change more rapid | industrial societies |
| technology or scientific knowledge used for utilitarian or economic purposes, is very important, division of labor more pronounced, technical and professional education increasingly important, stratification based on technological knowledge and education | post industrial or information societies |
| provides impact instructions that tell us what we ought to do in various situations | culture |
| the tendency to view ones own group and its cultural expect ions as right, proper, and many times superior to others | ethnocentrism |
| is setting aside cultural and personal beliefs and prejudices to understand a culture by its own standards | culture relativism |
| the material objects that distinguish a group of people, tangible objects, things important to our way of life | material culture |
| a groups way of thinking, intangible aspects of our way of leg | nonmaterial culture |
| shared judgments about what is desirable or undesirable | values |
| values, norms and goals | ideal |
| norms and values that people actually follow | real |
| rules of behavior shared by members of a society and roots in values | norms |
| customs or desirable behaviors | folways |
| have great moral significance | mores |
| strongest more; considered unthinkable | taboos |
| formally encoded norms | laws |
| rewards and punishments used to reinforce norms | sanctions |
| Formal + | meda, diploma |
| Formal - | fine, jail |
| Informal + | smile, compliment |
| Informal - | frown, humiliation |
| made up of different groups | pluralistic society |
| are organizations that influence only a small segment or portion of an individuals life or only affect an individuals life for a small period of time | microcultures |
| is a social unit smaller than a nation but large enough to sustain people though out the life span, diversity is important, influence peoples lives | subculture |
| is a group of people with expect ions and values that contrast sharply with the dominant values of a particular society, most often short lived, may wish to replace values of the larger culture | counterculture |
| who compared wide range of customs, found similar activities present in all cultures, concluded that specific customs differed from one grip to another | Murdock |
| common values and beliefs that tie citizens together | national culture and society |
| the process where the entire globe is becoming a single sociocultural place | globalization |
| cultural theories at the micro level | symbolic interaction theory |
| cultural theories at the meo and macro levels | structural functional theory and conflict theory |
| symbols are the basic elements of all cultures, humanness comes from the impact we have on each other through shared understanding symbols | symbolic interaction theory |
| looks for the functions or purposes behind the actions and practices of a culture, shared norms, values, and beliefs serve the function of holding a society together | structural functional theory |
| societies are composed of groups, each of which protects its own self-interest and struggles to make its own cultural ways to dominant in the society, dominant groups may impose their cultural beliefs on minorities and other subcultures groups | conflict theory |
Created by:
Khuller