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Pschology test1 s-t?
Self test questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychology is defined as the ___. | scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
| The goals of psychology are to ___. | describe, explain, predict, and change behavior and mental processes. |
| ____ is generally acknowledged to be the father of psychology. | Wilhelm Wundt |
| The biopsychosocial model is known as a(n) ___. | integrative, unifying model. |
| The term basic research is best defined as research that ____. | is intended to advance scientific knowledge rather than for practical application. |
| A(n) _____ allows variables to be stated precisely and in measurable time. | operational definition |
| Debriefing is ____. | explaining the design and purpose of the study, and any deception used when the study is over. |
| ____ are manipulated. | independent variables |
| ___ are measured | dependent variables |
| The best definition of a double-blind study is research in which ___. | both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is in the experimental and control groups. |
| In a case study, a researcher is most likely to ____. | conduct an in-depth study of a single research participant. |
| In ____ research, a researcher observes or measures (without directly manipulating) two or more variables to find relationships between them, without implying a causal relationship. | correlational |
| Behavioral genetics is the study of ____. | the relative effects of heredity and environment on behavior and mental processes. |
| Evolutionary psychology studies ____. | the ways in which natural selection and adaptation can explain behavior and mental processes. |
| _____ is the measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors. | heretibility |
| The term ____ refers to a process that occurs when a genetic trait gives an organism a reproductive advantage over others. | natural selection |
| An action potential is _____. | a neural impulse that carries information along the axon of a neuron. |
| Too much of this neurotransmitter (______) may be related to schizophrenia, whereas too little of this may be related to Parkinson's disease. | dopamine |
| Chemicals are manufactured by endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodstream to change or maintain bodily functions are called _____. | hormones |
| The central nervous system ____. | consists of the brain and spinal cord. |
| The ____ nervous system is responsible for fight or flight,. | sympathetic |
| The peripheral nervous system _______. | includes all the nerves and neurons outside the brain and spinal cord. |
| The ____ nervous system is responsible for maintaining calm. | parasympathetic |
| Although the left and right hemispheres sometimes perform differing, specialized functions, they are normally in close communication and share functions thanks to the ____. | corpus caliosum |
| Consciousness is defined as ____. | an organism's awareness of its own self and surroundings. |
| Circadian rhythms are _____. | biological changes that occur on a 24-hour cycle. |
| The sleep stage marked by irregular breathing, eye movements, high frequency brain waves, and dreaming is called _____. | REM |
| Both human and nonhuman animals vary in their average number of sleep hours, which are best explained by the ______ theory of sleep. | adaptation/protection |
| A puppy was very hungry but is now sleeping next to his bowl because he most likely suffers from _____. | narcolepsy |
| Psychoactive drugs _____. | change conscious awareness, mood, or perception. |
| Alternate states of consciousness (ASCs) can be acheived in ____. | during sleep and dreaming, via chemical channels, and through hypnosis and meditation. |
| _____ is a group of techniques designed to refocus attention and produce an alternate state of consciousness. | meditation |
| ____ is an alternate state of heightened suggestibility characterized by deep relaxation and intense focus. | hypnosis |
| _____ conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditional response. | classical |
| The process of learning associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses is known as __________. | conditioning |
| A baby is bitten by a small dog and then is afraid of all small animals. This is an example of _____. | stimulus generalization |
| Extinction .... | is a weakening of the association between the CS and the US. |
| When a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus as well, thus is called ____ conditioning. | higher-order |
| If you wanted to use higher-order conditioning to get Little Albert to fear Barbie dolls, you would present a Barbie doll with the _____. | white rat |
| Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences is called ______. | operant conditioning |
| _____ strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur. | positive reinforcement |
| _____ weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur. | positive punishment |
| Learning new behavior or information by watching others is known as ____. | social learning, observational learning, modeling |
| Garcia and his colleagues taught coyotes to avoid sheep by pairing a nausea-inducing drug with freshly killed sheep eaten by coyotes. This is an example of _____. | classical conditioning |
Created by:
lsfuller