what is business ethics?

a specialized study of moral right and wrong that concentrates on moral standards as they apply to business institutions, organizations, and behavior.

arguments for business ethics

ethics applies to all human activities, businesses cannot survive without ethics, ethics is consistent with profit seeking, customers, employees, and people in general care about ethics. studies show that ethics does not detract from profits but increases

arguments against business ethics

in free market, pursuit of profit will ensure max social benefit so ethics aren't needed, manager's most important obligation is loyalty to company (not ethics), & so long as companies obey the law they will do all that ethics requires.

what are moral standards?

norms about the kinds of actions that are morally right and wrong, as well as the values placed on what is morally good or bad.

what is moral development?

values are learned at an early age, therefore they change over time. children do what they are told to avoid punishment, adolescents try to live up to the expectations of others, as adults reflect on standards of others & revise them to our values

List Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Level 1: Preconventional. Level 2: Conventional Level 3: Post-conventional, Autonomous, & Principled

Carol Gilligan's stance on moral development

females see themselves as part of a web of relationships and are concerned about maintaining these relationships. Level 1: care for selves, level 2: internalize societal norms & care only for others at own expense, level 3: learn to balance caring

define utilitarianism

process of evaluating actions based on the benefits and costs imposed on society. the right action is the one that produces the greatest net benefit or the lowest net cost for all involved.

misconceptions of utilitarianism

right action produces most good for ALL, NOT the person performing the action. right action is NOT the one in which benefits outweigh costs. greatest net benefits/lowest costs. all possible future costs should be considered. moral option not best always

Stage 1 - Punishment & Obedience Orientation Stage 2 - Instrumental and Relativity Orientation

Stage 3 - Interpersonal Concordance Orientation Stage 4 - Law and Order Orientation

Stage 5 - Social Contract Orientation Stage 6 - Universal Ethical Principles Orientation

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Topics in Management Exam 1 Review

Term	Definition
what is business ethics?	a specialized study of moral right and wrong that concentrates on moral standards as they apply to business institutions, organizations, and behavior.
arguments for business ethics	ethics applies to all human activities, businesses cannot survive without ethics, ethics is consistent with profit seeking, customers, employees, and people in general care about ethics. studies show that ethics does not detract from profits but increases
arguments against business ethics	in free market, pursuit of profit will ensure max social benefit so ethics aren't needed, manager's most important obligation is loyalty to company (not ethics), & so long as companies obey the law they will do all that ethics requires.
what are moral standards?	norms about the kinds of actions that are morally right and wrong, as well as the values placed on what is morally good or bad.
what is moral development?	values are learned at an early age, therefore they change over time. children do what they are told to avoid punishment, adolescents try to live up to the expectations of others, as adults reflect on standards of others & revise them to our values
List Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development	Level 1: Preconventional. Level 2: Conventional Level 3: Post-conventional, Autonomous, & Principled
Carol Gilligan's stance on moral development	females see themselves as part of a web of relationships and are concerned about maintaining these relationships. Level 1: care for selves, level 2: internalize societal norms & care only for others at own expense, level 3: learn to balance caring
define utilitarianism	process of evaluating actions based on the benefits and costs imposed on society. the right action is the one that produces the greatest net benefit or the lowest net cost for all involved.
underlying assumptions of utilitarianism
misconceptions of utilitarianism	right action produces most good for ALL, NOT the person performing the action. right action is NOT the one in which benefits outweigh costs. greatest net benefits/lowest costs. all possible future costs should be considered. moral option not best always
steps in applying utilitarianism
what are rights?
what are moral rights?
features of moral rights
what is the primary focus of theories related to rights and duties?
define positive rights
define negative rights
examples of negative rights
examples of positive rights
What is Kantian Ethics based on?
Give two versions of Kantian Ethics
Stages of Level 1	Stage 1 - Punishment & Obedience Orientation Stage 2 - Instrumental and Relativity Orientation
Stages of Level 2	Stage 3 - Interpersonal Concordance Orientation Stage 4 - Law and Order Orientation
Stages of Level 3	Stage 5 - Social Contract Orientation Stage 6 - Universal Ethical Principles Orientation

Created by: nolanwiltshire

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