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Nutrition Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The building blocks for all carbohydrates are | monosaccharides |
| The main site or organ in the body for metabolic processing of carbs is the | liver |
| complex carbohydrates composed of many single sugar units are | polysaccharides |
| the act of biting, chewing, and breaking up ingested food into smaller particles is called | mastication |
| The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release its secretions is | secretin |
| An emulsifying agent that aids fat digestion and absorption is | bile |
| what pushes the bolus towards the stomach | peristalsis |
| what begins the breakdown of proteins and lipids | stomach |
| the hormone that controls the acidity and secretion of enzymes from the pancreas is called | secretin |
| what two types of digestion happen in the stomach | chemical and mechanical |
| the basic structural units of proteins is | amino acids |
| the main storage form of carbs is | glycogen |
| human energy is measured in | kilocalories |
| over-nutrition results from | excess nutrient and energy intake over time |
| what transforms pepsinogen into pepsin that breaks peptides bonds between certain amino acids | HCL |
| The nutrient intake guideline that sets the maximal nutrient intake is unlikely to pose a risk of toxicity in healthy individuals is called | tolerable upper intake level (UL) |
| Choosing different foods | Variety |
| Not overeating any single type of food | Balanced |
| Controlled portion sizes | Moderation |
| Intake is below needs, health declines, metabolic processes slow or stop | under-nutrition |
| Adequate stores of nutrients, such as iron, and adequate blood values, such as for iron-related compounds | desirable nutrition |
| Most Americans are low in | milk, fruits, veggies, and whole grain bread and cereal |
| Used to evaluate your current intake for a specific nutrient. | Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) |
| Use to evaluate your current intake of nutrients | Adequate Intake (AI) |
| Use to estimate calorie needs of the average person within a specific height, weight, gender, and age | Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) |
| Use as a rough guide for comparing the nutrient content of a food to approximate human needs. | Daily Value (DV) |
| Six classes of nutrients | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water |
| Where does gluconeogenesis take place | Liver |
| What are the parts of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| Nutrients a person must obtain for food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs | essential nutrients |
| An essential Nutrient is one that has a specific biological function, health declines when it is missing and what else? | health returns when the nutrient is put back in the diet |
| What is the primary use of carbs | high intensity energy |
| what is the primary purpose of protein | tissue repair and rebuilding |
| what is the primary purpose of lipids | low intensity energy |
| what is the primary purpose of vitamins and minerals | regulating chemical reactions/processes |
| how many calories does a gram of fat contain | nine |
| a food that has a lot of micronutrients but low amount of kcal is known as | nutrient dense |
| An amount of a nutrient that is safe and meets the needs of MOST people is known as | RDA |
| The amount of a nutrient that is the most that a person can consume without negative health effects is known as the | UL |
| what is the primary function of the mouth | ingestion |
| what are two substances that undergo chemical digestion in the stomach | protein and lipids |
| what major digestive secretion is released by the liver | bile |
| what organ creates amylase, lipase, and proteases | pancreas |
| these enzymes in the small intestine break down disaccharides into monosacchardies | brush boarder enzymes |
| entry of what nutrients into the small intestine will provide a person with the sensation of satiety | proteins and lipids |
| what phase of digestion involves the thought of food | cephalic |
| the movement of food through the digestive tract due to the contraction of muscles is called | peristalsis |
| athletes usually need a higher intake of what nutrient compared to non-athletes? | carbs |
| digestion of carbs by bacteria in what area can lead to the formation of gas | large intestine |
| where is the majority of nutrient absorbed | small intestine |
| carbs are broken down into what forms before absorption | monosaccharides |
| absorption of what nutrients involve the use of micelles? | fatty acids and monoglycerides |
| what nutrient go from the digestive system absorptive cells to the blood | monosaccharides, amino acids, and short chain fatty acids |
| what are two forms of fiber and which may reduce blood cholesterol | insoluble and soluble - reduces cholesterol |
| what two neural systems control the digestive process | enteric and parasympathetic |
| what hormone causes the feeling of satiety | CCK |
| what causes the release of CCK | amino acids and fatty acids in the small intestine |
| there are no intestinal brush border enzymes to digest what substances | lipids |
| what substance denatures proteins in the digestive system | HCL |
| Pavlov's dog illustrates what phase of digestion | cephalic |
| insoluble vs soluble | Insoluble speeds passage of food through system soluble slows passage of food through system |
| Muscular contractions used to propel food down the gastrointestinal tract | peristalsis |
| six processes of digestion | ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption of nutrients, defecation |
| what secretes mucous and transports food to the stomach | esophagus |
| If the lower esphageal sphincter fails to close and stomach acids enters esophagus and causes heartburn | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
| wha produces bile to aid fat digestion and absorption | liver |
| storage, concentration and delivery of the bile into the duodenum | gallbladder |
| Endocrine cells secrete | gastrin, CCK, secretin |
| phases of digestion | interdigestive, cephalic, gastric, intestinal |
Created by:
awalter221