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BIOLOGY TEST
CLASSIFICATION/ KINGDOMS/ BACTERIA/ VIRUS TEST
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are the seven levels of Linnaeus classification system organized? | Based on their physical similarities |
| Describe the trends in the levels, or taxa, as you move down from Kingdom to species. | The levels move from more general to more specific |
| List the seven taxas of the Linnaean classification system from most general to most specific? | Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| True or false? When Linnea set up his classification system, it was not possible for scientist to do molecular or genetic research. | True |
| True or false? Linnaeus classification system contains no mistakes. | False |
| True or false? Today, scientists use genetic similarities between species to help classify them as related species, rather than focusing on physical or a structural similarities. | True |
| What is the science of the naming and classifying organisms? | Taxonomy |
| When one or more physically similar species are thought to be closely related? | Genus |
| What is a system that gives each species a two-part Latin name? | Binomial nomenclature |
| It is a group of organisms in a classification system? | Taxon |
| What is phylogeny? | The evolutionary history for a group of species |
| How can a phylogeny be shown? | As a branching tree diagram |
| What is the main goal of cladistics? | To show how members of different species are related |
| What letter does a clade look like on a cladogram? | V |
| What do the hashmarks for the derived characters in a cladogram indicate? | That none of the organisms below that hashmark share that characteristic |
| On the cladogram, what is a node? | A place where a branch splits off from the rest of the cladogram |
| True or false? Molecular data always agrees with the classification of species based on physical similarities. | False |
| True or false? Once an evolutionary tree is established, it can never be changed. | False |
| True or false? DNA evidence can help scientists to learn how two species are related to each other. | True |
| True or false? The more similar the genes of two species are, the more closely related to species are likely to be. | True |
| Phylo- comes from the Greek word meaning _____. | Class |
| The suffix -geny means _______. | Origin |
| Phyloheny refers to a species' _______. | Evolutionary history |
| The word cladistics and cladogram are both related to the word ______. | Clade |
| Why is classification considered a work in progress? | Because it must be corrected when new knowledge becomes available |
| How has the kingdom system changed over the last 300 years? | There are four more kingdoms then there were 300 years ago |
| Describe Woes's discovery and the impact it had on the tree of life. | He discovered that bacteria and archea are genetically different kingdoms |
| Bacteria, archeae, or eukarya? One of the largest groups of organisms on earth. | Bacteria |
| Bacteria, archeae, or eukarya? Known for their ability to survive and extreme conditions. | Archaea |
| Bacteria, archeae, or eukarya? Organisms that have cells containing a distinct nucleus it. | Eukarya |
| Bacteria, archeae, or eukarya? Can be colonial or multicellular. | Eukarya |
| Bacteria, archeae, or eukarya? Includes the kingdoms of Protista, plantae, fungi, Animalia. | Eukarya |
| Bacteria, archeae, or eukarya? Are classified by their shape, need for oxygen, and the wether they cause disease. | Bacteria |
| True or false? Bacteria and archea transfer genes across species, back-and-forth to each other outside of the ordinary reproduction. | True |
| Bacteria and archaea together make up the most widespread group of organisms on earth, the: | Prokaryotes |
| Some prokaryotes are poisoned if they come in contact with oxygen. Where might you find one? | In the digestive tract of a cow |
| Bacteria or archaea? Very common, widespread. Cell walls contain a polymer called Peptidoglycon | Bacteria |
| Bacteria or archaea? Are found in extreme environments. It's cell walls and membranes contain lipids that are not found in any other organism on earth. | Archaea |
| Bacteria or archaea? Small, single celled organisms that have cell walls and plasma membrane. | Both |
| True or false? Since prokaryotes reproduce asexually they do not exchange any genetic material with other organisms. | False |
| True or false? Binary fission, which means division in half, is a method scientists use when they're studying prokaryotes. | False |
| True or false? During the process of conjugation, prokaryotes build bridges between organisms in order to exchange genetic material with each other. | True |
| True or false? Some bacteria can survive even harsh conditions by producing an endospore. | True |
| True or false? To form an endospore, the bacterium undergoes binary fission. | False |
| What can survive without oxygen is present or not? | Faculative aerobe |
| What are long whip like structures used for movement? | Flagellum |
| What needs oxygen to survive? | Obligate aerobe |
| What are specialized prokaryotic cells that can withstand harsh conditions? | Endospores |
| What is a prokaryotic method of gene exchange? | Conjugation |
| What cannot live in the presence of oxygen? | Obligate anaerobe |
| What separates circular pieces of a prokaryotes genetic material? | The plasmid |
| What is one way in which bacteria can cause illness? | Releasing a poison |
| What's can happen if teeth are infected with bacteria? | Cavities |
| Which of the following bacteria can cause food poisoning? | C. Botulinum |
| Why can't antibiotics be used to care infections caused by viruses? | Most antibiotics work by breaking down the cell wall, which viruses don't have it |
| Which of the following types of organisms can sometimes produce antibiotics naturally? | Fungi |
| What can you do to prevent getting a bacterial infection? | Wash your hands regularly |
| What are the three factors that have led to widespread antibiotic resistance? | Overuse, underuse, misuse |
| True or false? A toxin is a poison released by living thing. | True |
| True or false? Antibiotics are A good tool for fighting viral infection such as a common cold. | False |
| When an open wound get started? | Tetanus |
| When you breathe in this bacteria's endospores? | Anthrax |
| When skin makes excess oil? | Acne |
| Getting bitten by an infected would tech. | Lyme disease |
| When many bacteria get on teeth and gums? | Tooth decay |
| What is the reproduction of a cell by division into two equal parts? | Binary fission |
| Why are bacteria of decay important? | They help enrich soil |
| What bacteria is being described? Most common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. Poultry; small drop of chicken juice can cause illness. | Campylobacter Jejuni |
| What bacteria is being described? An anaerobic bacteria that produces a powerful Nero toxins. It's spores can germinate in improperly canned food. Rare in developed countries. | Clostridium botulinum |
| What bacteria is being described? Pathogenic strands that cause diarrhea. Is spread by fecal contamination. | E. coli |
| What bacteria is being described? Found in the intestines of animals, feces of animals contaminate food such as poultry, eggs, milk, and vegetables; 1 million contract this type. | Salmonella SPP |
| What bacteria is being described? Food contamination usually from food workers, can withstand up to 30 minutes of boiling. | Staphylococcus Aureus |
| What is an infectious particle made by either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat? | Virus |
| What is any living organism or particle that can cause an infectious disease? | Pathogen |
| Are viruses living things? | No |
| Why are viruses not living? | They can't reproduce alone |
| How are viroids different from viruses? | They don't have a protein coat |
| What type of organisms do viroids infect? | Plants |
| How are prions different from viruses? | They don't have a genetic material |
| What type of organisms do prions infect? | Humans and cows |
| What is a protein shell? | Capsid |
| What do some viruses have surrounding the capsid? | A lipid envelope |
| True or false? Viruses are all the same size and structure. | False |
| What is the only way a virus can reproduce? | By infecting a host cell |
| How does a virus identify its host? | By using its surface proteins to match to a receptor on a cell? |
| What is something that infects a bacteria? | Bacteriophage |
| how do viruses that infect eukaryotes different in their method of entering the host cell? | They enter the cell by endocytosis |
| Is this a lytic infection or lysogenic infection? An infection pathway in which the host cell bursts, releasing a new viral offspring into the host system where each then infects another cell. | Lytic infection |
| Is this a lytic infection or lysogenic infection? A phage combines its DNA into the host cells DNA. | Lysogenic infection |
| What is the first obstacle a virus must pass in an invertebrate? | Skin |
| What is the first obstacle a virus must pass in plants? | Cell wall |
| How does the virus get inside its host cell? | By using its surface proteins as keys to trick the cell |
| What is a substance that simulates the bodies immune system? | Vaccine |
| Why are new influenza vaccines needed to be made every year? | There's a high mutation rates on it's viral capsid's |
| What is a virus that contains RNA? | Retrovirus |
| What is a known disease caused by a retrovirus? | HIV |
| Vaccines consist of weekend versions of the ______, that will cause the body to produce a ______. The immune system is triggered by the surface _______ of a pathogen. | Virus, response, proteins |
| What is often the only way of controlling the spread of viral disease? | Vaccines |
| Name the kingdom. Is a prokaryote. It's cell walls contain Peptidoglycon. It's unicellular. Can be either autotroph or heterotroph. | Bacteria |
| Name the kingdom. Is a prokaryote. It's cell walls use fatty acid's, glycerol , and phosphates. Is unicellular. Can be either an autotroph or heterotroph. | Archeae |
| Name the kingdom. Is a eukaryote. Some have cell walls and chloroplast. Can be either unicellular or multicellular. Can be either autotroph's or heterotroph. Examples include kelp. | Protista |
| Name the kingdom. Is a eukaryote. Does not have cell walls. Is multicellular. Is a heterotroph. | Animalia |
| Name the kingdom. Is a eukaryote. Have cell walls of cellulose and has chloroplast. Is multicellular. Is an autotroph. | Plantae |
| Name the kingdom. Is a eukaryote. Has cell walls of chitin. Is either multicellular or unicellular. Is a heterotroph. Examples include mold. | Fungi |
| What is the two names system scientists used to name all living organisms? | Binomial nomenclature |
| What are the two taxas said that compose a scientific name? | Genus and species |
| Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio anabus and Papio cynocelephas do not belong to the same..... | Species |
| What human system is affected most by HIV? | The immune system |
| What type of cells does a lysogenic infection target? | White blood cells (T cells) |
| Which type of viral infection produces symptoms? | Lytic infection |
| When are endospores activated? | When bacteria is in a harsh environment |
| What measures the amount of peptidoglycon in cell walls? | Gram staining |
| What is the only living thing that can take nitrogen out of the air? | Bacteria |
| What does bacteria do with the nitrogen it takes out of the air? | It puts it in the soil in the form of ammonia which plants need to survive |
| Mathanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles examples of? | Archaea |
Created by:
layalsaad56