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Astronomy Unit Test
Mr. Rudloff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between mass and weight? | Mass doesn't change, weight does depending on the pull of gravity on an object. |
| What is the relationship between acceleration due to gravity and how fast an object accelerates downward within a gravitational field? | The greater the acceleration due to gravity is, the faster acceleration downwards within a gravitational field is. |
| What do astonomers use to determine the composition of distant objects? | The properties of light. |
| What is one small part of the electromagnetic spectrum? | Visible light; gamma rays; ultra violet rays; infared; microwaves. |
| What is an orbit? | Eliptical path an object takes around another object. |
| What is the shape of an orbit? | An elipse. |
| What is inertia? | The tendency of an object in motion to stay in motion and an object at rest to stay at rest. |
| What changes as an object moves in its orbit? | Distance from the object it is orbiting and orbital velocity. |
| What is orbital velocity? | The rate at which an object moves around another object. |
| What is the relationship between the distance from the Sun and orbital period? | The further an object is from the Sun, the longer the objects orbital period is. |
| What is orbital period? | The time it takes an object to orbit another object. |
| What process does the Sun use to generate its light and heat? | Nuclear fusion. |
| What role does the Sun's gravity play in the Solar System? | Pulls planets into an orbit around it. |
| What role does the Sun's energy play in the Solar System? | Creates light and warmth; Makes Earth suitable for life. |
| Where did the elements that make up the Earth and inner planets come from? | Supernova. |
| How old is the Solar System? | Between 4.5 and 5 billion years old. |
| What role did gravity play in the formation of the Solar System? | Pulled small objects together to form planet and other objects; Pulled Planets and Moon's into an orbit. |
| What does Earth's magnetic field do for the planet? | Protects against Solar Wind (smashed pieces of atoms streaming through space). |
| What are 3 differences between the inner planets and the outer planets? | Inner are warmer, smaller and closer to the Sun. |
| What causes day and night? | The rotation of Earth on its axis. |
| What causes Earth's seasons? | The tilt of Earth's axis. |
| How does the tilt of the Earth's axis affect the length of day? | When the Northern Hemisphere is pointed towards the Sun, they have longer days because a larger portion of the Earth is in direct sunlight and vice versa. |
| How does the tilt of the Earth's axis affect how hight the Sun reaches in the sky? | When the Northern Hemisphere is pointed towards the Sun, the Sun is higher in the sky and vice versa. |
| How does the tilt of Earth's axis affect the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of the Earth? | When the Northern Hemisphere is pointed towards the Sun, more solar radiation reaches the Earth and more directly and vice versa. |
| Why does the Moon always present the same face to the Earth? | The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits Earth at the same rate. |
| What causes lunar eclipses? During what phase of the Moon are they possible? | Earth lining up between the Moon and Sun; Full Moon. |
| What causes solar eclipses? During what phase of the Moon are they possible? | Moon lining up between Earth and the Sun; New Moon |
| Why do lunar and solar eclipses not occur every lunar month? | The Moon is tilted 5 degrees on its axis. |
| What causes Earth's tides? | The Moon and the Sun. |
| Why are there two tidal bulges? | The Moon's gravitational pull and inertia. |
| How long is a lunar day? | 24 hours and 50 minutes. |
| Why is a lunar day longer than a solar day? | Moon revolves around Earth in the same direction of Earth's rotation on its axis. |
| How many high tides and low tides to most coastal areas experience each lunar day? | 2. |
| What is the relationship between the phase of the Moon and tides? | When there is a Full Moon or a New Moon, there is a spring tide, which is very strong and powerful. When there is a 1st Quarter or 3rd Quarter Moon, there is a neap tide, which is very calm. |
| In which phase of the Moon do spring tides occur? | New Moon and Full Moon. |
| In which phase of the Moon do neap tides occur? | First Quarter and Third Quarter. |
| What is a light year? | The distance light travels in one Earth year. |
| Why is is the light year an appropriate unit of measure for astronomical distances? | Universe is so large. |
| Which galaxy are all the stars we see included in? | Milky Way Galaxy. |
| How many galaxies does the universe include? | More than 100 billion. |
| How many stars are in a galaxy? | More than 200 billion. |
| How many light years across is each galaxy? | Many thousands of light years. |
| What is one word to describe the distances between galaxies? | Vast |
Created by:
HaiLowe