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Book 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is ethics? | The principles that define behavior as right, good, and proper |
| What are values? | The inner judgements that determine how a person actually behave |
| Is belief of importance of ethical decision making enough? What does ethical decision making require? | No. ethical sensitivity to implications of choices, the ability to evaluate complex ambiguous and incomplete facts, skill to implement ethical decisions |
| What does ethical decision making require most of all | framework of principles and procedure for applying them |
| Does ethical decision making always dictate a single moral course of action | no, provides means of evaluating and deciding among options |
| What do most people base their convictions about right and wrong on | religious beliefs, cultural roots, family background, personal experiences, laws, organizational values, professional norms/habits |
| What are some consensus ethical values | trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, citizenship |
| Definition of people who seek to impose their personal moral judgments on others | moral imperialists |
| What are the values we consistently rank higher than others | core values |
| What do core values define | character and personality |
| What are the rules of conduct that derive from ethical values | ethical principles |
| What gives rise to the to principles in the form of specific do's and dont's | values |
| What is putting principles into action | ethics |
| Consistency btwn what we say we value and what our actions say we value is a matter of | integrity |
| Are terms ethics and values interchangeable | no |
| Inner belief, personal advantage, approval, religion, habit are all reasons to be _______ | ethical |
| What are 2 obstacles to being ethical | self interest and pursuit of hapiness |
| When the motivation for ethical behavior is self-interest, decision making is reduced to ____ calcualtions | risk reward |
| The real test of ethics is whether we are willing to do right thing even when not it our own ________ | self interest |
| A deeper satisfaction lies in honoring _________, what people everywhere believe should inform behavior | universal ethical values |
| What is the foundation for real hapiness | unity btwn principled belief and honorable behavior |
| The standards of conduct that arise out of the 6 pillars of character constitute the | ground rules of ethics |
| What can help us detect situations in which we focus so hard on upholding one moral principle that we sacrifice another | The Six Pillars |
| What are the six pillars | trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, good citizenship |
| What are some reasons for being ethical | inner belief, personal advantage, approval, religion, habit |
| Which is most complicated of the 6 core ethical values | trustworthiness |
| Which is the most fundamental ethical value | honesty |
| Is honesty a narrow or broad concept. What does it invovle? | broad. communication and conduct |
| What is expression the truth as best we know it and not conveying it in a way likely to misled of deceive called | honesty in communications |
| What are the 3 dimensions to honesty | truthfulness, sincerity, candor |
| Presenting the facts to the best of our knowledge | truthfulness |
| What is the crucial distinction between truthfulness and the truth itself | intent |
| What is genuiness, being w/o trickery or duplicity. Precludes all acts intended to create beliefs or leave impressions that are true or misleading | sincerity |
| What is forthrightness and frankness, imposing the obligation to volunteer info that another person needs to know | candor |
| What is a violation of trust and fairness | cheating |
| Not all lies are unethical, even though all lies are dishonest | true |
| What are 4 aspects of trustworthiness | Honesty, Integrity, Reliability, Loyalty (HIRL) |
| Integrity comes form the latin word meaning | integer |
| Person of ____takes time for self reflection. People w/o it are called _____ | integrity; hypocrites |
| What are the 4 enemies of integrity | self interest, self protection, self deception, self righteousness |
| What is important to do in reliability | avoid bad faith excuses, avoid unwise commitments, avoid unclear committments |
| What reflects things we want | self interest |
| What reflects things we don't want | self protection |
| What reflects a refusal to see a situation clearly | self deception |
| What reflects an end justifies the means attitude | self righteousness |
| What is a responsibility to promote the interests of certain people organizations or affiliations | loyalty |
| Public servants owe ultimate loyalty to | the public |
| What is the golden rule | do unto others as you would have them do unto you |
| What does respect prohibit | violence, humiliation, manipulation, and explotation |
| M- What are 5 aspects of respect | civility, courtesy, decency, dignity and autonomy., tolerance and acceptance |
| M- What quality doesn't resort to intimidation, coercion, or violence except in extraordinary circumstances (tolerance & acceptance, dignity & autonomy, civility courtesy decency) | civility, courtesy, and decency |
| M- What quality doesn't withhold info they need. Allow all individuals to have a say in decisions that affect them (tolerance & acceptance, dignity & autonomy, civility courtesy decency) | dignity and autonomy |
| M- What quality judges others only in their character, abilities, and conduct (tolerance & acceptance, dignity & autonomy, civility courtesy decency) | tolerance and acceptance |
| We have a responsibility to be the best we can be in all situations, even when dealing w/unpleasant people | true |
| What is being charge of our choices and thus our lives | responsibility |
| What makes us morally automnomous | capacity to reason and freedom to choose |
| M- How do ethical people show responsibility | being accountable, pursuing excellence, and exercising self-restraint (APES) |
| M- What are 3 dimension to responsibility | accountability, pursuit of excellence, and self restraint (APES) |
| What is moral obligation to do ones best (perseverance, continual improvement, deligence, fairness, impartiality) | deligence |
| What is it when responsible people finish what they start (perseverance, continual improvement, deligence, fairness, impartiality) | perseverance |
| What is it when responsible people look for ways to to their work better (perserverance, continual improvement, deligence, fairness, impartiality) | continual improvement |
| What ethical value is more subject to legitimate debate and interpretation (perserverance, continual improvement, deligence, fairness, impartiality) | fairness |
| What is crucial in settling disputes | process |
| States that decisions should be made w/o favoritism or prejudice (perseverance, continual improvement, deligence, fairness, impartiality) | impartiality |
| What is the heart of ethics and ethical decision making | caring |
| What is the highest form of caring | honest expression of benevolence (altruism) |
| Ethics is ultimately about good relations with other people | true |
| What hints at duplicity and a lack of integrity | lack of caring |
| States that it is improper to take advantage of the weakness or ignorance of others | equity |
| What includes civic virtues and duties that prescribe how we ought to behave as part of a community | citizenship |
| What is the foundation for good decision making is acceptance of | we all have power to decide what we do and say AND we are morally responsible for the consequences of our choices |
| Elements of Fairness | Process, Impartiality, Equity (PIE) |
| Elements of Responsibility | Accountability, Pursuit of Excellence, Self-restraint (APES) |
| Elements of Respect | Civilty, Courtesy, Decency & Dignity, Autonomy & Tolerance, Acceptance (CCD-DA-TA) |
| Elements of Trustworthiness | Honesty, Integrity, Reliability, Loyalty |
| All our words, actions, and attitudes reflect ____ | choices |
| Accdeptance of two core principles for the foundation of good decision making are | 1-We all have the power to decide what we do and say 2-We are morally responsible for the consequences of out choices |
| The power and responsibility associated with choice exists even when it is extremely difficult to be _____ | reflective |
| M-What are the components of good choices | taking choices seriously, recognizing important decisions, good decision are both ethical and effective |
| ______ does not come naturally to everyone | reflection |
| A decision is ____when it is consistent with the 6 pillars of character | ethical |
| A decision is ______ if it accomplishes something we we want to happen | effective |
| What is a simple test for effective decisions | are you satisfied with the results |
| A choice that produces unintended and undesirable results is ______ | ineffective |
| The key to making effective decisions is to think about choices in terms of their ability to accomplish our most important _____ | goals |
| What are 2 critical aspects to ethically sound decisions | knowing what to do and doing it OR discernment and disipline |
| What does discernment require | knowledge and judgement |
| What is having the strength of character to do what should be done even when it is costly or uncomfortable | discipline |
| What takes into account the possible consequences of words and actions on all those potentially affected by a decision | good decisions |
| Being thoughtful or considerate about the way our choices affect others is one aspect of using the ______ _______ | stakeholder concept |
| What are the 7 steps to better decisions | Stop and think, Clarify Goals, Determine Facts, Develop options, Consider consequences, Choose, Monitor and Modify |
| What are the benefits to stopping and thinking | prevents rash decision, prepares for thoughtful discernment, mobilize discipline |
| Decisions that fulfill immediate wants and needs can prevent the achievement of our more important life goals | true |
| What must you first resolve in order to determine the facts | what you know and what you need to know |
| What 2 techniques help reveal the potential consequences | Pillar-ize your options, Identify the stakeholders |
| 3 strategies to choosing | talk to people whose judgement you respect, what would the most ethical person you know do, what would you do if you were sure everyone would know |
| What is revealed by how we behave when we think no one is looking and what is ____ when we act as if everyone is looking | character; strengthened |
| What is one of the oldest and best guides to ethical decision making | golden rule |
| Ethical decision makers ___ the effects of their choices | monitor |
| What are 3 other ways to make ethical decision | Golden Rule, Kant's Categorical Imperative, Consequentialism |
| What is also called the rule of reciprocity | The Golden Rule |
| What is a shortcoming for the golden rule | Situations that involve a complex network of stakeholders w/conflicting interests |
| What are 2 critical aspects of ethical decisions | discernment (knowledge and judgment) and discipline (strength) |
| What says that the moral character of an action depends solely on the principle behind it not on the consequences it produces | Kant's Categorical Imperative |
| What are two rules of Kant's Categorical Imperative | Rule of Universality, Rule of Respect |
| What rule says behave only in ways you feel appropriate for all people at all times | Rule of universality |
| What rule says all individuals are important and the well being of each is a moral end in itself. Never treat others as the means for your own gain | Rule of Respect |
| What is shortcoming of Kant's categorical imperative | no way to choose btwn ethical values |
| Decision making model that judge the merit if an act by its foreseeable consequences | consequentialism/utilitarism |
| The ethical merit of an act is judged by the immediate and direct consequences of the action | "ACT" Utilitarianism |
| The ethical merit of an act is judged in terms of what the consequences of the action would be if such conduct became the general rule and everyone acted accorddingly | "RULE" Utilitarianism |
| Decision making model where can manipulate theory to produce an ends justifies the means credo | consequentialism/utilitarism |
| Which decision making model does not allow for exceptions or extenuating circumstances | Kants Categorical Imperative |
| Which decision making model requires the decision maker to to predict likely results and weigh good it will produce against the harm it will cause | Consequentialism |
| If its necessary its ethical rest on the false assumption that necessity breeds _______ | propriety |
| What is overestimating the cost of doing the right thing and underestimating the cost of failing to do so | false necessity trap |
| Who said "necessity is an interpretation not a fact" | Nietzsche |
| Ethical people do less than max allowed and more that minimally acceptable | true |
| What two domains do conscientious people tend to compartmentalize the morality of their professional behavior | private and occupational |
| "Character is knowing the good, loving the good, and doing the good" | Thomas Lickona |
| "Character is what you are in the dark" | Reverend Dwight Moody |
| The sum of on'es distinctive traits, qualities, and predilections, and amounts to ones moral constitution | character |
| Means being a person who is admirable because of his self-assured, ethical behavior | good character |
| ____ is ethics in action | character |
| "Ones character is ones habitual way of behaving" | Thomas Lickona |
| ____ is what your are. ____ is what people say you are. | Character; Reputation. |
| Who likened character to a tree and reputation to its shadow | Abraham Lincoln |
| ______ is the awareness of a moral aspect to ones conduct | Conscience |
| Is character hereditary | no |
| The process of instilling within a person positive, ethical traits based on principles that can be expressed many ways | building character |
| "We are born with a potential for good character and for the dispositions and habits that make up bad or weak character" | Edwin Delattre |
| "Because we are boon in ignorance of moral ideals, we must be instructed or trained if we are to achieve a good second nature" | Edwin Delattre |
| What are the 4 main sources of real happiness | loving relationships, enjoyable work, service to others, and faith |
| One problem with happiness is unrealistic _______ | expectations |
| Happiness is a kind of emotional resting place of quiet _______ with one's life | satisfaction |
| "True happiness is not attained through self-gratification, but through fidelity to a worthy purpose" | Helen Keller |
| "One thing I know: the only ones among you who will be really happy are those who will have sought and found how to serve" | Albert Schweitzer |
| What is ethics in action | character |
| What is principles in action | integrity |
| What is shortcoming of Consequsism | can be manipulated |
| What is unity btwn principled belief and honorable beh | foundation for real happiness |
| When others rely on your knowledge, ability, and willingness to perform task safely and effectively | pursuit of excellence |
| Good decisions are both ____ and ____ | ethical and effective |
| What defines character and personality | values |
| Elements of Pursuit of Excellence | perserverance, diligence, continual improvement |
| What pillar is the benevolent expression of altruism under | Caring |
| What are elements of good decisions | taking choices seriously, recognizing important decisions, good decisions are both ethical and effective |
| What are elements of honesty | honesty in communications and honesty in conduct |
Created by:
gblackwe