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Stack #18089
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| They study Eathquakes to find out when and where it started | Seismologist |
| What do Seismologists use to study earthquakes | Earth-quake sensing devices |
| What do the Earth-quake sensing devices tell Seismologists | Where the earthquake started and how strong it was |
| These are instruments loacated at or near the surface of the earth that record Seismic waves? | Seismographs |
| How does a Seismograph measure earthquakes | By creating a Seismogram when the earthquake reaches device. Whish is a tracing of earthquake motion. |
| What is a tracing of earthquak motion called that is created by a seismograph? | Seismogram |
| What is used to tell Seismologists when an earthquake happened? | Seismograms (they compare seismograms noting the diff of p waves and s waves. |
| When does and earthquake start? | When rock slips suddenly enough along a fault to create seismic waves. |
| What is an Epicenter? | the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquakes starting point. |
| Where does an Earthquake begin inside the Earth? | The Focus |
| Terms used to find out where an Earthquake started | Focus and Epicenter |
| What is the difference between the Focus and the Epicenter of an Earthquake? | The Focus is the spot in the earth where it started and the epicenter is the place on the Earths Surface above it. |
| This is a method where Seismologists begin collecting seismograms of the same earthquake from different locations. They then use a graph to determine p waves and s waves | S-P time method |
| How do Siesmologists find the epicenter of an earthquake? | By reading siesmograms from different stations by reading the distance axis. |
| Commonly used measurement for measuring earthquake strength is called? | Richter Scale |
| Who developed the richter scale in 1930's? | Charles Richter |
| What is the difference between a sismogram and a seismograph? | Seismograph is the intrument that records siesmic waves and the seismogram is what it produces that is a tracing of earthquake motion created by a seismograph |
| How many seismographs are needed to use the S-P-time method and why? | Three because you can pin point the easyer in the exact loacation. |
| If the amount of energy released by an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter scale is x, what is te amount of energy released by an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 in terms of x? | energy of 5.0. |
| This measures how prone an area is to experiencing earthquakes in the future? | Earthquake hazard |
| This is determined by past and present seismic activity | Earthquake hazard |
| Which Coast has a High earthquake hazard level and why? | West Coast because it has a lot of seismic activity. |
| Which land masses has the lower earthquake hazards? | Gulf Coast and the Midwest. |
| How do seismologist predict earthquakes? | monitoring active faults and other areas of seismic activity and finding patterns in earthquakes (broad predictions only not an exact science) |
| What is the strength of an earthquake related to? | How often they occur. Regularly energy release (smaller earthquakes) |
| What statistics do scientists use to make predictions about strength, location and frequency of future earthquakes? | Using statistics about size and how often earthquakes have occured in the past |
| This states that sections of the active faults that have had relatively few earthquakes are likely to be the sites of strong earthquakes in the future | Gap Hypothesis |
| What are Seismic Gaps? | Areas along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occured. |
| What are some Earthquake resistant building concepts? | Mass Damper, Active Tendon System, Cross-braces, Flexible pipes, Base isolators |
| This is a weight placed in the roof of a building. Motion sensors detect building movement during and earthquake and send messages to a computer. The computer then signals controls in the roof to shift this item to counteract the building's movements. | Mass Damper |
| This works much like the mass damper system in the roof. Sensors notify a computer that the building is moving. Then the computer activates devices to shift a large weight to counteract movement. | Active tendon system. |
| These act as shock absorbers during and earthquake. They are made of layers of rubber and steel wrapped around a lead core. | Base Isolators |
| In an Earthquake Resistant Building these absorb seismic waves, preventing them from traveling through the building | Base Isolators |
| In Earthquake resistant buildings what do flexible pipes accomplish? | They help prevent water and gas lines from breaking. |
| In Earthquake Resistant Buildings, what are placed between the floors to counteract pressure that pushes and pulls at the side of a building during and Earthquake? | Cross-braces |
| What are some ways to prepare for an earthquake before it happens? | Safeguard your house by putting heavy items on lower shelves, Discuss a meeting place with family members to meet after the earthquake is over, Store non-perishable food, water, fire extinguisher, flashlight (batteries), and a first aid kit (access after |
| What can you do when the shaking starts during an earthquake? | Indoors: Crouch or lie face down under table or desk in center of room. Outside: Lie face down away from buildings, power lines, and trees and cover your head with your hands. Car: Stop and remain inside. |
| What should you do after the shaking of an Earthquake? | Remove self from immediate danger (down powerlines, broken glass, fire hazards) Be aware of aftershocks, Recall earthquake plan. |
| How is an earthquake hazard determined? | By past and present seismic activity. |
| Which earthquake forecast predicts a more precise location-a forecast based on the relationship between strength and frequency or a forecast based on the gap hypothesis? | Relationship between strength and frequency. |
| Describe two ways that buildings are reinforced against earthquakes? | Flexable pips incase of bending or breakink and base isolators to absorb the earthquakes seismic waves. |
| Name four items that you should store in case of an earthquake? | (blank) |
| What do you know about safety and earthquakes? | (blank) |
| What is Moho? | A place within the Earth where the speed of seismic waves increses sharply. It marks the boundary between the earth's crust and mantle. |
| What is Shadow Zone? | An area on the Earth's surface where no direct seismic waves from a particular earthquake can be detected. |
| Describe how seismic studies reveal Earth's Interior? | (blank) |
| Summarize seismic discoveries on other cosmic bodies. | (blank) |
| This discovery suggested that the Earth has a liquid Core. | Shadow Zone |
| This was discovered about the earth in 1936 and was a new idea. | That the Inner core is solid not just liquid. So the core is liquid on the outer and solid on the inner. |
| Where was the first and most successful seismic test done (which cosmic body)? | Earth's Moon |
| Which Cosmic body between the Earth and the Moon shakes longer during a quake? | The moon |
| Which space probe allowed seismologists to learn about seismic activity on mars? | Viking 1 |
| What did they learn about mars and their seismograph? | That mars is very windy and the gauge was acting like a wind gauge. |
| What do scientists use to study seismic waves on the sun? | Because we cannot access it directly it is studied remotely by using a satelite called SOHO |
| Which is stronger a sunquake or an earthquake? | Sunquake |
| What is one cause of sunquakes on the sun? | Solar Flares |
| These are powerful magnetic disturbances in the sun. | Solar Flares |
| What observations of seismic-wave travel led to the discovery of the Moho? | (blank) |
| Briefly describe one discovery seismologists have made about each of the following cosmic bodies: the moon, the sun, and mars. | (blank) |
| Why don't S waves enter the earth's outer core? | (blank) |
| Define Seismology | (blank) |
| Define Fault | (blank) |
| Define Deformation | (blank) |
| Define Elastic Rebound | (blank) |
| Define Seismic Waves | (blank) |
| Define P Waves | (blank) |
| Define S Waves | (blank) |
| Where do Earthquakes mainly occur? | Along faults near the edges of tectonic plates |
| This is the direct cause of earthquakes | Elastic Rebound |
| How do earthquakes differ? | Depends on what type of plate motion caused them. |
| These are classified as body waves or surface waves. | Seismic Waves |
| These travel through the Earth's interior | Body Waves |
| This passes along the surface of the earth | Surface Waves |
| What are the two types of body waves? | P waves and S waves |
| Define Seismograph | (blank) |
| Define Seismogram | (blank) |
| Define Epicenter | (blank) |
| Define Focus | (blank) |
| These detect seismic waves and record them as seismograms | Seismograph |
| In an Earthquake this is the underground location where the seismic waves begin. | The Focus |
| This is on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake | Epicenter |
| This is used by Seismologists to find an earthquakes epicenter. | S-P-time method |
| This is used by Seismologists to measure an earthquakes strength. | Richter Scale |
| Define the gap hypothesis | (blank) |
| Define seismic gap | (blank) |
| This measures how prone an area is to experiencing earthquakes in the future? | Earthquake hazard |
| Some predictions of earthquakes is based on what relationship? | The relationship of strength and frequency |
| As an earthquake frequency decreases, earthquake strength does what? | Increases |
| This targets seismic inactive areas along faults for stong earthfquakes in the future. | gap hypothesis |
| How does an earthquake collapse a structure? | by displacing the structures center of gravity off the structures supporting base. |
| how are buildings and bridges changed to minimize earthquake damage? | reinforcements |
| what should people in earthquake zones do? | Plan ahead |
| Define Moho | (blank) |
| Define Shadow Zone | (blank) |
| What features have been discovered on and inside the earth by observing seismic waves? | The Moho, shadow zone, and inner core |
| What has been used to study other cosmic bodies? | Seismology |
| Which lasts longer the seismic waves on the moon or on the earth? | Moon |
| which cosmic body is the least active seismically according to studies? | Mars |
| These are found on the sun and produce energy far greater than any earthquake we know of. | Sunquakes |
| Energy is released as ___________ occurs (deformation or elastic rebound?) | Elastic Rebound |
| __________ cannot travel though parts of the Earth that are completely liquid (S waves or P waves) | S waves |
| Seismic waves are recorded by a ___________(Seismograph or Seismogram) | Seismograph |
| Seismologists use the S-P-time method to find and earthquake's ___________. (shadow zone or epicenter) | (blank) |
| The ___________ is a place that marks a sharp increase in seismic wave speed. (seismic gap or Moho) | (blank) |
| When rock is ___________, energy builds up in it.. Seismic waves occur as this energy is _____________. | (blank) |
| The strongest earthquakes usually occur? | (blank) |
| The last seismic waves to arrive are? | (blank) |
| If an earthquake begins while you are in a building, the safest thing to do first is? | (blank) |
| Studying earthquake waves currently allows seismologists to do what? | (blank) |
| If a planet has a liquid core, then S waves do what? | (blank) |
| What is the relationship between the strength of an earthquake | (blank) |
Created by:
ditzfidget