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EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION TEST
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Darwins theories of evolution? | There is variation in population, more organisms are born than are expected to survive, excess organisms lead to competition, and individuals that survive reproduce and pass on their adaptations |
| Who believed that species don't become extinct but instead evolve into different forms in response to changes in the environment? | Lamarck |
| Who believed that resources such as food, water, and shelter where natural limits to population growth? | Malthus |
| Who believed that geologic processes add up over long periods of time to produce great change? | Lyell |
| Who grouped living organisms into categories based on what they look like? | Linnaeus |
| What is the continued existence of organisms with the best adaptations called? | Survival of the fittest |
| What is a certain variation well-suited for the environment? | Adaptation |
| What occurs when individuals with beneficial adaptations produce more surviving offspring than other individuals of the same species? | Natural selection |
| What is the measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population called? | Fitness |
| What is the theory that all living organisms on earth evolved from a common ancestor? | Common descent |
| What is a heritable trait becoming common in a population? | Descent with modification |
| What occurs when humans deliberately breed for certain characteristics? | Artificial selection |
| What are individual differences that may be heritable? | Variation |
| What is the ability for a trait to be passed down called? | Heritability |
| What is a particular section, group, or type of people or animals living in an area or country? | Population |
| What is producing many offspring, some of which may not survive? | Overproduction |
| What is it called when organisms must compete for a certain number of resources? | Competition for limited resources |
| What is a trace of an organism that existed in the past called? | Fossils |
| What is a feature that is similar in structure in different organisms but has different functions? | Homologus structures |
| What is a feature that performs a similar function in different organisms but not similar in origin called? | Analogous structures |
| What is a remnant of an organ or structure that had a function in an early ancestor? | Vestigial structure |
| Two different species may have larvae that are very similar is an example of what? | Embryology |
| More related two organisms are, the more similar their DNA will be. | DNA sequence analysis |
| Basis of molecular fingerprinting which compares proteins among cell types. | Protein comparisons |
| Is the study of the distribution of organisms around the world? | Biogeography |
| The body parts of different species may have homologous structures. | Anatomy similarities |
| How did Darwin explain the distribution of finch species on the Galapagos islands? | They had descended with modification from a common mainland ancestor |
| The relationship between island and mainland species is today an important principle of __________. | Biogeography |
| Why are vestigial structures considered to be critical evidence of evolution? | Shows how organisms have come to evolve over time |
| Wisdom teeth are a third set of molars that usually appear in humans between the ages of 17 and 25 and often need removing because a crowd out other teeth. What's are wisdom teeth an example of? | Vestigial Structures |
| What is a random change in the DNA of a gene that can cause a new variation of a trait to develop and be passed on to offspring? | Mutation |
| What is a new allele combinations that can occur during meiosis, when cells divide during sexual reproduction? | Recombination |
| What type of natural selection is this? An extreme phenotype that was once rare becomes more common. | Directional selection |
| What type of natural selection is this? An intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common. | Stabilizing selection |
| What type of natural selection is this? Extreme phenotypes are favored, well individuals with intermediate phenotypes are selected against by something in nature. | Disruptive selection |
| What type of isolation is this? Isolation that exists when timing prevents reproduction between populations. | Temporal isolation |
| What type of isolation is this? Isolation that involves physical barriers that divided population into two or more groups. | Geographic isolation |
| What type of isolation is this? isolation that occurs when members of different populations can no longer mate successfully with each other. | Reproductive isolation |
| What type of isolation is this? Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors. | Behavioral isolation |
| Genetic variation is stored in a population's ...... | Gene pool |
| What mechanism of evolution is being described? Allele frequencies of already existing alleles can change due to chance alone. | Genetic drift |
| The bottleneck effect or the founder effect? Occurs after an event that greatly reduces the size of a population. | Bottleneck effect |
| Bottleneck affect or the founder effect? Occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area. | Founder effect |
| What mechanism of evolution is being described? The movement of alleles from one population to another changes the allele frequency's in each population. | Gene flow |
| What mechanism of evolution is being described? Certain traits can improve reproductive success, causing alleles for those traits to increase in frequency. | Sexual selection |
| Genetic variation is measured with....... | Allele frequencies |
| Sometimes new species may develop when species that share common genes reproduce. | Hybridization |
| What is the process that occurs when similar characteristics developed in unrelated species? | Convergent evolution |
| What is the evolution that occurs when related species evolve into different directions? | Divergent evolution |
| What is the process in which species evolve in response to changes in each other? | Coevolution |
| what is the elimination of a species from earth? | Extinction |
| What is the diversification of one ancestral species into many? | Adaptive radiation |
| What are episodes of speciation that occur suddenly in geologic time? | Punctuated equilibrium |
| What is this an example of? The climate in an area becomes much colder, and most of the thin coated rabbits die, but most of the thick coated rabbits survive and reproduce | Directional selection |
| What is this an example of? Species of nonpoisonous snake has evolved to look almost like the brilliantly colored, poisonous coral snake. | Mimicry |
| What is this an example of? A river changes course, dividing a population of ground squirrels and forming a barrier that keeps the two groups for meeting. | Geographic isolation |
| What is this an example of? A species of Spero becomes established on a newly formed a volcanic island. After 50,000 years this one species is involved into several different species. | Adaptive radiation |
| What is this an example of? The shark and the porpoise are totally unrelated animals yet they greatly resemble each other. | Convergent evolution |
| What is this an example of? Small mice tend to be eaten by snakes while barn owls more easily prey upon large mice that can be seen from further away. The resulting population of mice is primarily medium sized. | Stabilizing selection |
| What is this an example of? A translocation those parts of chromosomes 6 onto chromosomes 3 produces a darker than normal moth. | Mutation |
| What is this an example of? Angelfish changed little over millions of years suddenly, environmental changes resulted in three new species of angelfish. These three species remain unchanged millions of years later. | Punctuated equilibrium |
| What is this an example of? In herons, gray blue coloration is dominant over white coloration. White herons prefer to mates only with other white herons. | Behavioral isolation |
| The red fox and kit fox share a common ancestor. However they have evolved differently in color the red fox lives in mixed farmland in forest where it's red color helps it blend; the kit fox is sandy color helps conceal it in the desert. | Divergent evolution |
| What is this an example of? Long bills and some Latin American hummingbirds match the longer sharply curved flowers from which they sipped nectar. The flower depends on the brand for pollination in the bird relies on the flower for food. | Coevolution |
| What is this an example of? Very gradually, over many generations, stripes over tigers whole body is formed and appeared in the whole population, the tiger that's arrived in each generation were those who is Mark's ramose clear and contrasted most. | Gradualism |
| In order to have a wide range of phenotypes, a population must also have...... | Genetic variation |
| How can a wide range of phenotypes increase the chance that some individuals will survive in a changing environment? | If there are many variations, there are more chances for some individuals to improve the chance of survival |
| What is a normal distribution of phenotypes? | Distribution in which most of the population occurs close to the mean |
| What can you learn from looking at a phenotypic distribution? | You might learn what characteristics are usually associated with survival |
| What is the observable change in the allele frequencies in a population over time called? | Microevolution |
| During _______ selection, The intermediate phenotype is selected for. | Stabilizing |
| During _______ selection, Both extreme phenotypes are selected for. | Disruptive |
| During _______ selection, The mean phenotype changes. | Directional |
| True or false? When an individual moves from its population, it's alleles stay part of that populations gene pool. | False |
| True or false? When an individual moves into a new population, the genetic diversity of the new population increases. | True |
| Two or false? Gene flow keeps neighboring populations helps to keep their gene pools diverse. | False |
| How is genetic drift different from natural selection? | Genetic drift occurs by chance alone |
| Is genetic drift more likely to occur in small or large populations? | Small |
| What problems can result from genetic drift? | A loss of genetic variation |
| True or false ? The cost of reproduction is the same for males and females | False |
| True or false? Females are more choosy than males. | True |
| During _______ selection males compete for females. | Intrasexual |
| During ________ selections males display certain traits to attract females. | Intersexual |
| What's remains constant in the Hardy Weinberg model? | Genetic variation |
| What's happens to a population that is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium? | It stops evolving |
| In order to use the Hardy Weinberg equation, a biologist must know the frequency of the ______ and_______ alleles. | Dominant and recessive |
| Population is said to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium for a trait if _______ stay the same from generation to generation | Allele frequencies |
| Two populations are said to be in reproductive isolation if they can no longer ______successfully with each other | Mate |
| Random processes like mutation and genetic drift can change _______. | Gene pools |
| Isolated populations may become more genetically different as they adapt to new ______, or through random processes such as mutation and _______. | Environments, genetic drift |
| If ______ between two populations stops for any reason, the populations are said to be isolated. | Gene flow |
| Reproductive isolation is the final step of ________, which is the rise of two or more species from an existing species. | Speciation |
| What is being described? During co-evolution, two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other. | Beneficiary relationship |
| What is being described? Different species can respond to pressure from each other producing better adaptations over many generations. | Evolutionary arms race |
| What is being described? A loss of one or few species. | Background extinction |
| What is being described? A loss of many species. | Mass extinction |
| True or false? The theory of punctuated equilibrium states that relatively brief episodes of speciation are followed by long periods of little evolutionary change. | True |
| True or false? Adaptive radiation is a process in which one ancestral species diversifies into similar species. | False, they diversify into different species |
| Adaptive radiation occurred after the extinction of: | Dinosaurs |
| Who thought that giraffes necks are longer because they stretched to reach trees? | Lamarck |
| What causes variation in sexual reproduction? | Gene shuffling and crossing over |
| What is the movement of genes from one population to another? | Gene flow |
| What is the evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor? | Adaptive radiation |
| True or False? The less variation in a environment the more chance of survival. | False |
| From where does variation occur? | Mainly mutation, but sometimes recombination and hybridization |
| Gene flow changes the _____ ______and affects the _______. | Gene pool, variety |
| Which environment has experienced genetic drift? The first environment has a large variety of different colored birds. The second environment has mostly red birds and a few yellow birds. | The second environment (there's less variation) |
| What type of isolation is this an example of? Two squirrels are separated by a river. | Geographic isolation |
| What type of isolation is this an example of? The striped African frog mates during winter while the spotted horse frog mates during spring. | Temporal isolation |
| What type of isolation is this an example of? The Quaker parrot has a specific mating song but the male parrot cannot remember the mating song. | Behavioral isolation |
| Darwin saw a populations of various species that seemed well suited to their environment. What did this suggest? | Species might be able to adapt to their surroundings overtime |
| In natural selection what must be true of traits that are passed down through generations? | The trait must be one that gives an advantage to an individual |
| Pelvic Bones in snakes are an example of what? | Vestigial structures |
| What conclusion can you draw from the fact that many modern whale species have vestigial pelvic and leg bones? | The ancestors of whales may have been the land mammals |
| FOR THE CHAPTER 10 STUDY GUIDE GO TO THE EVOLUTIONS QUIZ STUDY STACK | FOR THE CHAPTER 10 STUDY GUIDE GO TO THE EVOLUTIONS QUIZ STUDY STACK |
Created by:
layalsaad56