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Chem 11 Final
Studystack for the Chemistry 11 Final Exam.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many sig figs is 0.032? | 2 sig figs |
| How many items in a mole? | 6.02 * 10^23 items |
| The molar mass of an element is its atomic mass in _____. | Grams |
| At STP, 1 mol of any gas occupies ___ L. | 22.4L |
| What is the equation for percent composition? | Percent comp. = (mass of component / mass of compound) * 100% |
| Is an empirical formula the smallest or largest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound? | Smallest whole number ratio |
| What is the equation for finding the whole number multiplier when determining a molecular formula? | Whole number multiplier = molar mass / empirical mass |
| If a crystal contains water, it is ______. If it does not contain water, it is anhydrous. | Hydrated |
| Endothermic reactions require the input of energy, while _______ reactions release energy. | Exothermic |
| List the 6 types of chemical reactions. | Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, neutralization, combustion |
| What is the equation for percent yield? | Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100% |
| What is the equation for percent purity? | Percent purity = (mass of pure / mass of impure ) * 100% |
| A reactant that limits the amount of product in a reaction is called a _____ reactant. | Limiting reactant |
| Reactants that are NOT the limiting reactant are referred to as _____ | Excess |
| The first chemist to attempt to organize the elements was John _____. He also developed the periodic law. | John Newlands |
| The periodic law states that "When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, ____ and ____ properties repeat" | Chemical and physical properties |
| Dmitri ______, a Russian chemist, published the prototype to today's periodic table of the elements. | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| What is the name for a vertical column on the periodic table? | Family or group |
| What is the name for a horizontal row on the periodic table? | Period |
| Which of these is NOT a metalloid: B, Si, Ge, As, C, Sb, Te, Po, At? | C (carbon) |
| Alkali metals react violently with which periodic group? | Halogens |
| Alkaline earth metals react viOlently with which element? | Oxygen |
| True / False: Halogen gases are extremely unreactive. | False |
| True / False: Noble gases are the least reactive of all the elements. | True |
| Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to _____ an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. | Remove an electron |
| Does a large atom have high or low ionization energy? | A large atom has low IE |
| Does a small atom have high or low ionization energy? | A small atom has high IE |
| True / False: A high ionization energy means that it is easy to remove electrons | False |
| As a general rule, do alkali metals or noble gases have higher ionization energies? | Noble gases have higher IEs |
| The radius of an atom can be calculated by measuring the distance between the _____ of identical atoms and dividing by 2. | Nuclei |
| Do atoms increase or decrease in size when moving down a family/group? | Increase in size (more shielding) |
| Do atoms increase or decrease in size when moving across a period? | Decrease in size (less shielding) |
| Average atomic mass is calculated using mass and ______ of different isotopes of an element. | Abundance |
| The greek philosopher ______ believed that all substances were composed of individual particles | Democritus |
| The greek philosopher _______ believed that matter was made up of 4 elements: water, air, earth, and fire. | Aristotle |
| In 1803, John _____ revisited the idea that all matter was composed of atoms. | John Dalton |
| J. J. Thompson discovered particles known as _______ and created the "plum pudding" model of the atom. | Electrons |
| Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton and nucleus via ___ foil experiments. | Gold foil |
| James Chadwick discovered heavy neutral particles called ______. | Neutrons |
| Nelis ____ created the theory that electrons occupy discrete orbits around the nucleus, and had an atomic model named after him. | Neils Bohr |
| Order the energy sublevels from greatest to least number of orbitals: p, d, s, f | f, d, p, s |
| Quantum mechanics says that electrons have a certain _____ (chance) of being in any given point around the nucleus. | Probability |
| The region of space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found is called an _____. | Orbital |
| Name the 4 quantum numbers and their symbols. | Principal (p), Angular Momentum (s/p/d/f), Magnetic (m), Spin (s) |
| The Pauli Exclusion principle says that no 2 ______ in the same atom can be described by the same set of 4 quantum numbers. | Electrons |
| When filling orbitals with electrons, are the highest or lowest energy levels filled first? | The lowest energy levels are filled first |
| When taking electrons from an orbital to form a positive ion, electrons should be taken from orbitals in this order. | P before S before D |
| Electronegativity is defined as the relative ability of a bonded atom to _____ shared electrons to itself. | Attract |
| A difference in electronegativity from 0.4 to 1.7 means that this type of covalent bond will occur. | Polar covalent. |
| Lewis diagrams use ___ to represent electrons. | Dots |
| In a Lewis diagram, only ______ electrons are drawn. | Valence electrons |
| When there are several correct Lewis structures of a molecule that can be drawn, we draw a _____ structure. | Resonance structure |
| What does VSEPR theory stand for? | Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory |
| VSEPR theory says that electron pairs are as _____ distributed around the central atom as possible. | Evenly distributed |
| What shape would a molecule with 4 bonding pairs have? | Tetrahedral |
| What shape would a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair have? | Trigonal bipyramid |
| What shape would a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs have? | Bent |
| What shape would a molecule with 6 bonding pairs have? | Octahedral |
| If bond dipoles in a molecule cancel each other out, the molecule is ______. | Non-polar |
| If bond dipoles in a molecule reinforce each other, the molecule is _____. | Polar |
| List the maximum amount of valence electrons that each of these elements can have: H, Be, P, S, B, Al | H:2, Be:4, P:10, S:12, B:6, Al:6 |
| List these bonds in order of strongest to weakest: London forces, ionic, non-polar, dipole-dipole, polar, hydrogen | Non-polar, polar, ionic, hydrogen, dipole-dipole, London forces |
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Chthonian99
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