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Gender Terms
Literature and Gender Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gender | Social o cultural category based on the ways of seeing an representing people and situations influenced by sex difference. |
| Literary canon | Is the body of writings generally recognized as "great" by some "authority". A body of approved works and considered to represent the best standards of a given literary tradition. |
| Gender Studies | A concern with the representation, rights and status of women and men. |
| Women's Studies | They show a concern with the representation, rights and status of women. A course of study examining the historical, economic, and cultural roles and achievements of women. |
| Feminism | A recognition of the historical and cultural subordination of women and a resolve to do somenthing about it. It is a critical stance that decentres the assumptions of the mainstream in terms of centre (men)/periphery (women). |
| Feminist literature | The literary corpus written by contemporary women within the context of "second wave" or even "third wave" feminist awareness. These authors have a political and ideological agenda in the writing of their work. |
| Feminist literary criticism | An academic approach to the study of literature which applies feminist thought to he analyses of literary texts and the context of their production and reception. A modern tradition of literary commentary devoted to the defence of women's writing. |
| Jane Eyre | The title of a 19th century novel that combines elements of the gothic and the domestic. It can be read as a narrative about gender relations and class difference. A young governess's struggles to survive as an independent female in a patriarchal culture. |
| Gender/Sexual Difference thinking | They aim of this thinking is to acknowledge difference positevely by revaluing the marginal, by revaluing the feminine. They do not assume than women have any particular qualities that can be contrasted with those of men. |
| Nancy Chodorow | An American feminist psycoanalist that studied the way women had a "relational self" due to the primar relation to the mother and suggested men should have a greater involvement in parenting in order to change normative gender roles. |
| Gender on the agenda | The process of reading with a concern for gender issues that affects the writing or reading text. It means paying attention to factor such as women's domestic responsibilities, lack of access to education, lower economic status, motherhood, domestic work. |
| Identity politics | It reflects the idea that characteristics derived from gender, race or sexuality produce a shared experience and a related commonality. |
| Masculinity Studies | It offers a critical stance on sex and power but, rather than focusing on the marginalized, attends to those that are traditionally central to Western thinking, that is, men and masculinity. It attends to white middle-class heterosexual men. |
| Patriarchy | In feminism, systemic and trans-historical male domination over women. |
| Postmodern feminism | There is an expansion of difference towards differences, towards a plurality that resists any set indentities. For them gender is a mascarade and there is nothing behind or before this "mask" |
| Queer Therory | Typically focused upon the question of individual identity, and upon cultural/symbolic and literary/textual issues, aims to destabilize identity through the construction of a supposedly "inclusive", non-normative. |
| The Beauty Myth | A book by Naomi Wolf about the stereotypes of beauty and motherhood published at the beginning of the 1990's |
| Gayatri Spivak | A very influential post-colonial feminist scholar whose works ar based on postmodernism and postestructuralism originally born in India |
| Judith Shakespeare | A female figure created by Virginia Woolf to stand for all the unrecognize and underveloped genius of the past. She was a brilliant but uneducated, talented but unappreciated woman who was written out of history by her gender. |
| Elaine Showalter | An American feminist author that established the term "gynocritiscm" to study the literature about and by women. |
| Harry Brod | A theorist born in 1951 who is widely recognize as a founding figure of the field of Masculinity Studies which applies theories and concepts from women's studies to examine men and masculinities. |
| Women-Centered Feminism | A kind of thinking or theory belonging to the Second-Wave feminism that advocates the privilege of women's ways of knowing, being and valuing. Women's own perception of the world from which to develop literary, political and cultural theories. |
| Mabel Waring | A character al Mrs. Dalloways's party who is the main character of Woolf's story "The New Dress" |
| Female creativity | What is sewing the metaphore for in such works a "The Lady of Shallot" and the "New Dress"? |
| In Search of our Mother's Gardens: Womanist Prose | A Groundbreaking non-fictional book by Alice Walker where she states the influential term of "womanist prose" |
| The Women's Suffrage Period | An early period of considerable development of women's plays in the United States and England, precursor of the profusion of First Wave and Second Wav feminist plays. |
| First-wave Feminism | The syntagm than often refers to the Suffragists who believed in fighting for women's rights rallied aroun once central casuse: women's right to vote. |
| Domestic fiction | A term which alludes to traditional representations of women's roles in the home, and then with reference to the feminist writing challenged and continues to challenge such tradition. |
| The Angel in the House | Term adopted and updated by Virgina Woolf from a long narrative poem by Coventry Patmore. Woolf's use of the term referred to the idealized "femenine" figure who sacrified her creative self for domestic harmony. |
| Martha Nussbaum | An international and influential academic from de US born in 1947 recently awared with Premio Príncipe de Asturias. She is antagonist to Postmoderm femininst. Reason as the truth opposing convention and habit, in particular conventions that oppress us. |
| Second-wave feminism | The popular desgination for the feminist movement in the West during the 1960's 1970's and even the 1980's, to distinguish it from feminist thinking and politics developed in earlier times (First-wave feminism). |
| Judith Butler | American theorist and Postmodenist writer (1956). Key figure in queer theory due to the book "Gender Trouble": the idea of two biological sexes is just as socially constructed as gender is. Gender identity as performative, no "real" self exists. |
| Pygmalion | The title of a play written by George Bernar Shaw (1911). Recounts the story of a working class woman "recreated" by an upper class man who treats her like an experiment, like an animal in cage, teaching her to act like a lady. |
| The New Woman | A new more independent kind of woman who appeared when in the 1880's and 1890's a wave of feminist thinking an agitation swept across Europe. |
| The Second Black Renaissance | Term used to describe an extraordinary flowering of work by African American writers, and other people of colour in North America. It began with the writing of Richard Wright. |
| The Madwoman in the Attic | Sandra Gillbert an Susan Gubar are the authors of this key work in anglo american feminist learning criticism where they expose their theories about the relationship between madness and authorship in 19th. c. women writers. |
| Liberal Feminism | A type of feminism influenced by the Enlightenment ideals about the individual that advocates equality between men and women in the subjective and social level through education that was characteristic of First Wave feminism. |
| Charlotte Perkins Gilman | The US author of the 19th c. short story about madness and the confinement of a woman in a room as a metaphor for female domination by a patriarchal order at a psychological, physical and social level in the historical period in which it was written. |
| Herstories | An English term introduced by feminist scholarship to refer to women's history. The expression was created to be serious and comic at the same time since it implies a pun with which it claims women's right to rewrite history from female experience. |
| An Obstacle | A poem by Charlotte Perkins Gilman than can be read as a piece about the "obstacles" of gender sterotypes and prejudices which blocked the progress of women writers for so long. |
| Firing the canon | The phrase means a revalutation of the standards by which author and texts have been singled out and "canonized", followed by an active search for other authors and texts for inclusion. |
| Gynocentric | Centred on or concerned exclusively with women, taking a female (or specifically a feminist) point of view. |
| Womyn | Non-standard spelling of "women" adopted by some feminists in order to avoid the word ending -men. |
| Second-wave feminism | "Movement" focused particularly on women's rights with an emphasis on unity and sisterhood. It began during the political upheaval in England, Europe and America in the 1960's and 1970's, and attempted to combat social and cultura inequalities. |
| Sexuality Studies | Focus upon the organization of desire (not on having sex per se but upon sexualities). It's concerned with marginalized identities and practices (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) and/or Queer Studies. |
| Feminist Social Constructionism | They argue that "difference" does not adhere in the self/identity, is not an inherent essence, but is creaeted by relations of power. They critique Emancipatory and Gender Difference approaches because of their fixed notions of identity. |
| The domestication of insanity | With this phrase, Elaine Showalter suggests how she conncets domestic confienment an oppression with madness. |
| The female malady | Elaine Showalter has used this phrase to refer to both the female experiece of domestic confinement and to the identification of mental and emoticional disturbances in women which could be called "female desorders". |
| The Yellow Wallpaper | A short story writeen by Charlotte Anna Perkins Gilman, and published in May 1892 in the New England Magazine. |
| Third-wave feminism | Started in 1980, and lasted up to the early 1990's. Included renewed campaigning for women's greater influence on politics. It does not agree with women's victimized stauts and displays doubts about the concept of women as broad social grouping. |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | The author of Vindication of the Rights of Women written in 1778 emphasizes the right for women to be educated and sees early marriages as a stop to improvement, especially if a woman is joined to a not sensible man. Education is a palliative to marriage. |
| Maya Angelou | Respected writer, essayist and activist who is now hailed as a classic of feminist and black women's writing. Famous for her autobiographical writing I know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). The book is an inspiration for Alice Walker's The Color Purple. |
| Nancy Chodorow and Dorothy Dinnerstein | "Women-centred", Gender Difference Freudian (psychoanalytic) feminists who propose that the organization of the family within patriarchal society induces women's nurturing qualities that could be uses to reform society by spreading them to men. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | A white woman writer whose novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) brought the experience of slaves and former slaves to the wide pubic attention, in a through literature. |
| First Black Renaissance | It can be identified as beginning in the mid.1920's. Though it was centred in the Harlem neigborhood of New York City. The Negro was place, for a time, at the heart o a national myth. |
| Transnational Femism | It is a contemporary paradigm. It is generally attentive to intersection among nationhood, race, gender, sexuality an economic explotation on a world scale, in the context of emergent globla capitalim. |
| Chandra Talpade Mohanty | A prominent postcolonial and transnational feminis theorist. She became well-known after the publication of her influential essay "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses" She critiques Third Worl Woman as a homogenous entity. |
| Post-Lacanian feminists | Like feminists who use Freud, they reject his acceptance of gender hierarchy. Psychoanalysis is used by these feminist writers to question the notion that men and women are different from birth. Actual women do not have a common identity. |
| Postmodern Gender Difference Psychoanalytic Feminism | It is the archetypal "gender difference" theory. They accept the fundamental significance of gender as the basis of the formation of the self. Criticize: any assumption that women are a homogeneous group with common features and "women-centred" writings. |
| Margaret Atwood | Canada's most famous novelist who wrote the poem "Reincarnation of Captain Cook" arranged in stanzas or irregular length and emphasizing pauses by the use of line-breaks. |
| Robert Browning | The author of the dramatic monologue "My Last Duchess". |
| Alfred, Lord Tennyson | The autor of "The Lady of Shalott" |
| Aurora Leigh | The name of the poem written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning that tells the story of a woman, |
| The Globin Market | The story of two sisters, Laura and Lizzie who are tempted by goblin men to buy their ochard fruits, written by Christina Rossetti. |
| The Awakening | A novel which tells the story of a young woman who rebels against patriarchal restrictions, and who attempts to realize her inner being through sensuality, love and art |
| A künstelrroman | It is a story of initation and discovery of intellectual and artistic sensitivity by the main character that grows from adolescence into maturity and decides to become an artist. |
| Jamaica Kincaid | The name of the author of the short story "Girl" |
| Susan Glaspell | The name of the author of a play first produced in 1916 at the end of the American suffrage movement but is not itself a suffrage play. The play deals with the major theme o communication between the sexes. |
| Trifles | The name of the play whose main character called Minnie Foster is absent. |
| Gender Difference Feminism | Focuses on the importance of difference between men and women. It consists in two variants, so called woman centred, on the one hand around Identity Politics, and on the other a more Postmodern-influenced Psychoanalytic called Sexual Difference |
| bell hooks | Gloria Jean Watkins pen name. Her writing has focused on the interconnectivity of race, class, and gender and their ability to produce an perpetuate systems of oppression and domination. |
| Post-colonial feminism | From the 1990's aims to destabilize any notion of a central focus or universal norm and relatedly deconstructs notions of discrete identities by acknowledging the hybrid heterogeneous character o peoples and cultures. |
| Post-Lacanian feminists | These feministis reject his acceptance of gender hierarchy. Psychoanalysis is used by these feminist writers to question the notion that men and women are beings essentially different from the moment of birth. Women do not have a common identity. |
| Charlotte Perkins Gilman | The author of The Yellow Wallpaper |
| Sylvia Plath | The author of "The Colossus" |
| Letizia Elizabeth Landon | The author of "A Suttee" |
| Kate Chopin | The author of "The Awakening" |
| Silvia Plath | The author of "Lady Lazarus" |
| Edna Pontellier | The main character of "The Awakening" |
| Adèle Ratignole | Female character and Edna's friend in "The Awakening" |
| Robert Lebrun and Alcèe Arobin | Male characters in "The Awakening" who play roles of lovers. |
| Mrs. Reizs | Female character in "The Awakening" that symbolizes women independece in a patriarchal society. |
| Virginia Woolf | The author of "The New Dress" |
| Jamaica Kincaid | The author of "Girl" |
| Susan Glaspell | The author of "Triffles" |
| Alice Walker | The author of "The Color Purple" |
| Celie and her sister Nettie | Main characters of The Color Purple |
| Tony Morrison | The author of "The Bluest eye" |
| Pecola Bredlove | Main character of "The Bluest eye" |
| Claudia Macteer | The narrator and character of "The Bluest eye" |
| Cholly and Polly Breedlove | Pecola's parents in the novel "The Bluest eye" |
| Ain't I a woman? | The poem that was an speach given by Soujourne Truth |
| Jackie Kay | The author of the poem "The Telling Part" |
| Margaret Atwood | The author of the poem "The Reincarnation of Captain Cook" |
| Kate Rushin | The author of the poem "The Bridge Poem" |
| Charlotte Perkins Gilman | The author of the poem "An Obstacle" |
| Black Feminism | It is a Modernist variant of REI feminism that offers a positive re-evaluation of black/ethnic minority/Third World women. |
| bell hooks | She focused on the interconnectivity of race, class and gender and their ability to produce and perpetuate systems of oppression and domination. Has ranged from a Modernist Difference focus on Identity towards Postmoderm concerns with diversity. |
| Elizabeth Grosz | Post-Lacanian writer who advocates what she calls "corporeal feminism" and is inclined to assert that there is not just one form of body/self but at least two. Specific body forms are part and productive of meanings. |
| REI Feminism | It attends to race/ethnicity/imperialism. Race tends to be discussing black women including migrant women in Western countries. Imperialim tend to discuss "Third World" women. |
| Naomi Wolf | American author who devotes considerable attention to the social obstacles women face and in typical Liberal Feminist style, she urges social reform of these obstacles. She criticises what she calls "victim feminism". |
Created by:
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Popular English Vocabulary sets