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Prob&Stat Ch. 1
Chapter 1 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Variable | A characteristic or attribute that can assume different values |
| Data | The values a variable assumes |
| Random Variable | Variables are determined by chance |
| Data Set | A collection of data values |
| Data Value- Datum | Each value of the data set |
| Probability | The chance of an event happening |
| Population | Consists of all subjects being studied |
| Sample | A group of subjects selected from a population |
| Statistics | The science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data. |
| How is Statistics used in everyday life? | 1) Fields of human endeavour 2)To analyze the results of a survey 3)As a tool in scientific research 4) Operations, quality control estimation, and predictions |
| Reasons to study statistics | 1) To understand statistical studies 2) To be able to conduct research, design experiments, and conduct studies 3)To become better consumers |
| Find the boundaries of .43 sec | .425- .435 |
| Nominal Level of Measurment | Classifies data into mutually exclusive (non overlapping) exhausting categories where no order or rank can be imposed on the data |
| Interval Level of Measurment | Ranks data and precise differences between units of measure do not exist; however there is no meaningful zero |
| Ratio Level of Measurment | Interval measurement but there is a meaningful zero |
| What are the 2 purposes of data collection? | 1 ) To describe situations or events 2) To help people make better choices before acting |
| 3 ways to collect data | Surveys, mailed questionnaire, and personal interview |
| Telephone surveys | Less costly, can be candid, not face to face Not all people can be surveyed, may not be home, unlisted |
| Mailed Questionnaire | Can cover a wide geographic area, less expensive to conduct, respondents can remain anon Low # of responses |
| Personal Interview | Can obtain in depth responses Interviewers need to be trained, cost more, can be biased |
| Random Sampling | Sampling technique where you randomly select a group from a larger group of subjects |
| Systematic Sampling | Take a random sample of the population by using every kth variable |
| Stratified Sampling | Take samples from each stratum ( sub group ) of a population |
| Cluster Sampling | Population is divided into clusters, and a group is selected from cluster |
| Sequential Sampling | Successive units taken from product line and tested to make sure they meet requirements |
| Double Sampling | Large population is given questionnaire to see who meets requirements for study. After the results are studied, a smaller sample is chosen from this population |
| Things that make a survey bad | Asking biased questions Using confusing words Asking double barreled questions Using double negatives in a question Odd order of questions |
| Qualitative Variables | Can be placed into distinct categories- characteristics not numbers |
| Descriptive Statistics | The collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data. |
| Inferential Statistics | Generalizing from samples, performing estimations, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions |
| Quantitative Variables | Numerical and can be ordered/ ranked |
| Discrete Variables | Variables that assume values that can be counted |
| Ordinal Level of Measurment | Classifies data into variables that can be ranked. Precise differences between the ranks do exist |
| Continuous Variables | Variables that can assume an infinite amount of values between any specific two values. (Usually obtained by measuring, fractions or decimals) |
Created by:
bbogan
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