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Chapter 1
Introduction To Statistics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| There Are 2 Types of Data | 1. Quantitative Data.. 2. Qualitative Data |
| Quantitative Data | These are numbers |
| Qualitative Data | These are categories. Not numbers |
| There Are 2 Types of Quantitative Data | 1. Discrete Data.. 2. Continuous Data |
| Discrete Data | Whole numbers. Ex: The # people on the bus |
| Continuous Data | These are decimals. If data could be a decimal, it is continuous. Ex: Weight of a whale in pounds |
| Population | Every individual of interest. Doesn't have to be people |
| Parameter | A number that describes some aspect of the population. Computed from population |
| Sample | Subgroup of population |
| Statistic | A number that describes some aspect of the sample |
| Levels of Measurement(4 levels) | 1. Nominal.. 2. Ordinal.. 3. Interval.. 4. Ratio |
| Nominal | Categories, cannot be ordered, most basic level. Ex: brand of shoe |
| Ordinal | Categories, can be ordered, cannot do math operation with. Ex: quality rating of a Choco bar(bad, okay, good) |
| Interval | Numbers, no true zero. Ex: temperature, time of arrival |
| Ratio | Number, there is a true zero. Ex: # people who believe in aliens, cost of a Big mac, time it takes to eat a hotdog |
| Sampling Techniques | 1. Random Sample.. 2. Simple Random Sample.. 3. Cluster Sample.. 4. Stratified Sample.. 5. Systematic Sampling.. 6. Convenience Sample |
| Random Sample | Every individual from a population has equal chance of being selected |
| Simple Random Sample | Every possible group of individuals has an equal change of being selected |
| Cluster Sample | Divide population into groups, randomly select some of the GROUPS. Ex: There are 50 states and you randomly select 25 states(our sample is everyone in those 25 states) |
| Stratified Sample | Divide population into groups, randomly select INDIVIDUALS from each group. Ex: Randomly select 10 people from each of the 50 states(our sample is 500 people) |
| Systematic Sampling | Order the data, pick a starting point, select every 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc. person. Ex: number names in phonebook then start with 3rd person then pick every 4th person(Sample is person 3, 7, 11, 15) |
| Convenience Sampling | Uses data that is readily available. Don't want to get data this way usually. Ex: Theo surveys his best friends |
Created by:
TimStatistics
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