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CIS454-Ch.1
Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) | The process of understanding how an information system (IS) can support business needs by designing a system, building it, and delivering it to users. |
| Systems Analyst | The key person in the SDLC is the _______ _______, who analyzes the business situation, identifies opportunities for improvements, and designs an information system to implement them. |
| Value | The primary objective of a systems analyst is to create _____ for the organization, which for most companies means increasing profits. |
| 3 Fundamentally Different Types of Systems Development Methodologies | 1) Structured Design 2) Rapid application development 3) Agile development |
| 4 Fundamental Phases of the SDLC | 1) Planning 2) Analysis 3) Design 4) Implementation |
| True | Each SDLC phase is itself composed of a series of steps, which rely upon techniques that produce deliverables. |
| Deliverables | Specific documents and files that provide understanding about the project. |
| True | Each SDLC phase refines and elaborates on the work done previously. |
| Planning Phase | The fundamental process of understanding why an information system should be built and determining how the project team will go about building it. |
| 2 Steps of Planning Phase | 1) During project initiation, the system's business value to the organization is identified 2) Once approved = on to project management |
| System Request | Presents a brief summary of a business need, and it explains how a system that supports the need will create business value. |
| 3 Aspects of Feasibility Analysis | 1) Technical feasibility (can we build it?) 2) The economic feasibility (will it provide business value?) 3) Organizational business value (if we build it, will it be used?) |
| Project Manager | During project management, the _______ _______ creates a workplan, staffs the project, and puts techniques in place to help the project team control and direct the project through the entire SDLC. |
| Project Plan | The deliverable for project management is the _______ ____, which describes how the project team will go about developing the system. |
| Analysis Phase | Answers questions of who will use the system, what the system will do, and where and when it will be used. The project team investigates any current system(s), identifies opportunities for improvement, and develops a concept for the new system. |
| 3 Steps of Analysis Phase | 1) Analysis strategy is developed to guide the project team's efforts (As-Is & To-Be) 2) Requirements gathering 3) The analyses, system concept, and models are combined into a document called the system proposal. |
| Requirements Gathering | Information gathered through interviews or questionnaires. |
| Business Analysis Models | Describes how the business will operate if the new system is developed. |
| System proposal | The ______ ________ is the initial deliverable that describes what business requirements the new system should meet. |
| Design Phase | Describes how the system will operate, in terms of the hardware, software and network infrastructure; the user interface, forms & reports; and the specific programs, databases, and files that will be needed. |
| 4 Steps of Design Phase | 1) Design strategy is developed 2) Development of the basic architecture design for the system. 3) The database & file specifications 4) Analyst team develops the program design |
| Design Strategy | Clarifies whether the system will be developed by the company's own programmers, outsourced, or purchase existing software package. |
| Architecture Design | Specifies how users will move through the system and the forms and reports that the system will use. |
| Database & File Specifications | Define exactly what data will be stored and where they will be stored. |
| Program Design | Defines the programs that need to be written and exactly what each program will do. |
| True | The architecture design, interface design, database and file specifications, and program design make up the system specification that is handed to the programming team for implementation. |
| Implementation Phase | The system is actually built during this phase (or purchased, in the case of packaged software design). Can be the longest and most expensive part of the development process. |
| 3 Steps of Implementation Phase | 1) System construction 2) Installation 3) Analyst team establishes a support plan for the system. |
| System Construction | The system is built and tested to ensure it performs as designed. |
| Installation | The process by which the old system is turned off and the new one is turned on. |
| True | One of the most important aspects of conversion is the development of a training plan to teach users how to use the new system and help manage the changes caused by the new system. |
| Support Plan | Plan that usually includes a formal or informal post-implementation review as well as a systematic way for identifying major and minor changes needed for the system. |
| Change Agents | Project members who identify ways to improve an organization, build an information system to support them, and train and motivate others to use the system. |
| 6 Skills Required for Change Management | 1) Technical 2) Business 3) Analytical 4) Interpersonal 5) Management 6) Ethical |
| Business Analyst | Focuses on the business issues surrounding the system. |
| Business Analyst | A ________ _______ assists in the planning and design phases, but is most active in the analysis phase. |
| Systems Analyst | Focuses on the information systems issues surrounding the system. Identifies how technology can improve business processes, design the new business processes design the information systems, and ensure that the system conforms to IS standards. |
| Infrastructure Analyst | Focuses on the technical issues surrounding how the system will interact with the organization's technical infrastructure; ensures the system conforms to infrastructure standards, and identifies infrastructure changes needed to support the system. |
| Change Management Analyst | Focuses on the people and management issues surrounding the system installation; develops & executes a change management plan, as well as a user training plan (most active during the implementation phase). |
| Project Manager | Responsible for ensuring that the project is completed on time & within budget, & that the system delivers all benefits intended by the project sponsor; manages the team, develops & monitors the project plan, assigns resources,& serves as primary contact. |
Created by:
Jordan.WBL