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China (Tang-Ching)
13.1, 13.2, 15.2, 15.4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sui Wendi | Emperor of the Sui dynasty who reunited the North and the South |
| Tang Taizong | Most admired emperor of the Tang dynasty |
| Wu Zhao | Helped to restore the Han system of uniform government throughout China |
| Grand Canal | Linked the Hunag He to the Yangzi River and was the longest waterway ever dug by human labor |
| Li Bo | Greatest Tang Poet who wrote 2,000 poems about harmony with ature |
| Usurp | Illegally taking over the throne |
| Tributary State | States that remain independent but their rulers had to acknowledge Chinese supremacy and send regular tributes |
| Land Reform | Broke up large agricultural land holdings and redistributed the land to peasants |
| Gentry | Wealthy landowning class |
| Pagoda | Multistoried temple with eaves that curve up at the corners |
| In what ways did the rise of the Tang and Song dynasties benefit China? | Conquered new territories, rebuilt government system, law code, grand canal, unite, wealth and culture |
| Describe the social structure of China under the Tang and Song dynasties | Uniform with small gentry, great value in learning, many peasants, some merchants, and women had a higher status |
| How did the social structure reflect Confucian traditions? | Low merchant class, learning was valued, and women should stay inside the home |
| What ideas and traditions shaped Chinese painting? | Balance and harmony through mastery of simple strokes and lines, spiritual essence of the world, buddhist themes |
| What themes did Chinese poets address? | Philosophy, religion, history, fantasy, romance, adventure, harmony with nature |
| Kublai Khan | Genghiz Khan's grandson who defeated the last of the Song empire |
| Marco Polo | Crossed across the Mongol empire exploring and writing about his journeys |
| Zheng He | The most extraordinary sea voyager of the Chinese |
| How did the Mongol conquests promote trade and cultural exchanges? | They promoted toleration of other beliefs so many people came from other countries to explore, they also had sea journeys, and with the revival of confucianism learning was a more important part of life |
| How did Kublai Khan organize Mongol rule in China? | Mongolian only army, only mongols as high officials, and he was capable but demanding as a ruler |
| How did the Ming emperors try to restore Chinese culture? | They brought back confucianism which centered around learning |
| What was the purpose of Zheng He's overseas expeditions? | To promote trade and to collect tribute from the lesser powers across the western seas |
| Pagan | United by King Anawrata, major Buddhist center, flourished for two years after Anawrata's death but fell in 1287 to the Mongols |
| Anawrata | King who united Pagan, credited with bringing Buddhism to the region, filled city with stupas |
| Khmer | Adapted to Indian writing, mathematics, architecture, and art, upper class was Hindus, lower class was Buddhist |
| Suryavarman II | King of Khmer who built the great temple complex at Angkor Wat |
| Trung sisters | Led uprising that drove the Chinese out of Vietnam, tried to restore to a simpler form of government based on ancient traditions, remembered as great martyrs and heroes |
| Matrilineal | Inheritance through mother |
| Stupa | Dome-shaped shrines |
| Padi | Fields |
| How did geography make Southeast Asia of strategic importance? | All seaborne trade had to pass through Southeast Asia islands |
| How did India influence Pagan, the Khmer empire, and Srivijaya? | Religion (Buddhism and Hinduism), gave Indian writing, mathematics, architecture, and art |
| How did China influence Vietnam? | Vietnam absorbed Confucian ideas, adopted civil service system, built a government bureaucracy similar to China, learned the language |
| How did Vietnam preserve its identity? | The Trung Sisters drove out the Chinese and they brought back ancient Vietnamese traditions |
| Matteo Ricci | Brilliant Jesuit priest who made a positive influence on ming China, spoke Chinese and adopted Chinese dress and while the people rejected the religion they welcomed the chance to learn arts and science |
| Manchus | Invaders from the North who pushed through the Great Wall and set up the Qing Rule |
| Kangxi | Ruled over Manchi China from 1661 to 1772, able administrator and military leader, extended Chinese power into Central Asia and promoted Chinese culture |
| Qianlong | Kangxi's grandson who lead an expanded Chinese borders to rule the largest area in the nation's history, ruled from 1736 to 1796 and then retied because he did not want to rule longer than his Grandfather |
| Hermit Kingdom | What Korea was known as in the West, they chose to exclude all foreigners and any people who came were imprisoned or killed |
| Francis Xavier | Spanish Preist who helped the Japanese convert to Christianity |
| How was economies prosperity reflected in Qing China? | New crops were growing, population growth, growth in handicraft industries |
| How did the Qing restrict trade with other nations? | They only let others buy from them, but refused to buy from anyone else |
| Why did Korea pursue a policy of isolation? | They were Confucians so they looked down on foreign merchants, they were also "protesting" to being a tributary state to China |
| Why did the Japanese policy toward trade and foreigners change over time? | They were worried about being conquered |
Created by:
caroline_cole