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WH MC- Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A ____ is a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote. | republic |
| The Roman Senate, which came to hold an important position in the Roman Republic, was | a select group of about three hundred patricians who served for life |
| Julius Caesar, the first dictator of Rome, was | assassinated |
| The ____ was a period of peace and prosperity that lasted almost a hundred years. | Pax Romana |
| The Augustan Age has been called the | golden age of Latin literature |
| When the poet Juvenal said, Theres only two things that concern them: Bread and Circuses, he was talking about | the Roman masses being distracted from serious political issues by free grain and entertainment |
| ____ became the first Christian emperor. | Constantine |
| The Edict of Milan proclaimed | official tolerance of Christianity. |
| Believing the Roman Empire had grown too large for a single ruler, Diocletian | divided it in half and appointed Zeno as a ruler with equal power. |
| The ____ were the first invaders to sack Rome. | Visigoths |
| The early development of Rome was most influenced by the | Etruscans, who launched a building program that turned Rome into a city |
| The body of laws known as the ____ was one of Romes chief gifts to later generations. | Law of Nations |
| The First Triumvirate was made up of | Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar |
| At its height, the Roman Empire had a population of about | fifty million |
| The emperor kept the poverty-stricken masses pacified by | giving them free grain and providing entertainment on a grand scale |
| The paterfamilias, or dominant male, was the head of the Roman family and | gradually lost power over the course of Roman history |
| Constantine became the Roman Empires | first Christian emperor |
| Under which emperor did Rome adopt Christianity as its official religion? | Theodosius the Great |
| The political and military reforms of Diocletian and Constantine | greatly enhanced the army and civil service institutions, but drained most of the public funds |
| In the long run, the economic and social policies of Diocletian and Constantine | stifled the vitality the Late Empire needed to revive its sagging fortunes |
| Muhammad began to meditate in the hills because | he became troubled by the gap between the honesty of most Makkans and the greediness of trading elites in the city |
| After Muhammads death, Muslim scholars drew up the shariah, which is | a law code that provides believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives |
| The revolt led by Hussein in the early Umayyad period led to | the split of Islam into two groups, the Shiites and the Sunnis |
| The Umayyad dynasty was replaced by the | Abbasids |
| With a population of two hundred thousand, ____ was Europes largest city after Constantinople. | Córdoba |
| It was through the Muslim world that Europeans | were able to obtain products from Spain and Egypt |
| Omar Khayyám is most famous for | his literary works, especially the Rubaiyat |
| A crucial part of every Muslim city or town was the ____, which was a covered market. | bazaar |
| During the Abbasid dynasty, the council that advised the caliph was led by a prime minister known as a(n) ____. | vizier |
| One of the Five Pillars of Islam, the hajj is | a pilgrimage to Makkah |
| According to Islamic belief, Muhammad is | the prophet of Allah |
| For Muslims, obeying Allahs will means following | the Five Pillars of Islam |
| According to the Quran, fair, defensive warfare is a jihad, which means | struggle in the way of God |
| Resentment against Umayyad rule grew because | non-Arab Muslims did not like the way local administrators favored Arabs |
| The Crusades had little lasting impact on Southwest Asia, except to | breed centuries of mistrust between Muslims and Christians |
| In addition to the Five Pillars, Muslims must obey the shariah, which | forbids them to gamble, eat pork, drink alcoholic beverages, or engage in dishonest behavior |
| Muslim scholar and scientist Ibn Sina wrote a medical encyclopedia that | was translated into Latin and became a basic textbook in Europe |
| Islamic scholars and theologians organized Islamic moral rules into the ____, or code of law. | shariah |
| General Muawiyah was known for what outstanding virtue? | using force only when necessary |
| Why are there no representations of the prophet Muhammad adorning mosques? | The Hadith warns against any attempt to imitate God by creating pictures of living beings. |
| Under Germanic law, if an accused person was unharmed after a physical trial, or ____, he or she was presumed innocent. | ordeal |
| Saint Benedict founded a community of monks that | established the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church |
| The Carolingian Renaissance was | a revival of learning and culture |
| The Vikings were made part of European civilization by | the Frankish policy of settling them and converting them to Christianity |
| The most important gift a lord could give to a vassal was | a piece of land |
| ____ was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold. | Chivalry |
| In 1066, William of Normandy | invaded England, soundly defeating King Harolds forces at the Battle of Hastings |
| The Magna Carta was a document that | eventually was used to strengthen the idea that a monarchs power was limited, not absolute |
| ____ led the Muslim forces to retake Jerusalem from the crusaders. | Saladin |
| The Venetian leaders of the Fourth Crusade | saw an opportunity to neutralize the Byzantine Empire and diverted their army to Constantinople |
| Under early Germanic law, a wrongdoer had to pay ____, or money for a man, to the family of the person he injured or killed. | wergild |
| Gregory I, also known as Gregory the Great, | strengthened the power of the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church |
| Charlemagne established the missi dominici, who were | two men who were sent out to local districts to ensure that the counts were carrying out the kings orders |
| At the heart of feudalism was | vassalage, which meant warriors swore loyalty to a lord, who in turn took care of their needs |
| While the lord was away at war or court, management of his estate fell to | the lady of the castle |
| The Domesday Book was | the first census since Roman times |
| Philip II Augustus greatly increased the power of the French monarchy by | waging war on the rulers of England and gaining control of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Aquitaine |
| The push for the Crusades came when | Emperor Alexius I asked for aid |
| In order to encourage trade between Flanders and Italy, the counts of Champagne | initiated a series of trade fairs in the chief towns of the territory |
| Serfs were different from peasants in that serfs | were legally bound to the land upon which they worked and lived |
| The struggle between Henry the IV and Gregory VII was known as | the Investiture Controversy |
| Born to a wealthy merchant family, Francis of Assisi | eventually abandoned all worldly goods and material pursuits to live and preach in poverty |
| Dominic de Guzmán believed the best way to attack heresy was | the formation of a new religious order of men who lived lives of poverty and preached effectively |
| The chief task of ____ was to harmonize Christian teachings with the works of the Greek philosophers. | scholasticism |
| ____ literature was literature written in the language of everyday speech in a particular region. | Vernacular |
| Spains two strongest kingdoms, Castile and Aragon, were united when | Isabella married Ferdinand |
| Peasants were required to pay their local village church a tithe, which was | ten percent of their produce |
| Elections for city council in medieval cities were often | carefully rigged to make sure that only patricians were elected |
| Lay investiture was a practice by which | secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their office |
| To achieve his political ends, Pope Innocent III often used an interdict, which | prohibited priests from giving the sacraments of the Church to a particular group of people |
| The Inquisition was | the court created by the Catholic Church to find and try heretics |
| The Black Death killed nearly 38 million people, resulting in | severe economic consequences |
| Louis XI used the ____, a permanent tax, to create the foundations of a strong French monarchy. | taille |
| After the Hundred Years War, England faced more turmoil from | the War of the Roses |
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