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Surgical Pharmacoogy
Module 1 Flash Cards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | Is the process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood. |
| Adverse effect | Undesired, potentially harmful side effects of drugs. |
| Agonist | Drugs that bind to or have an affinity (attraction) for a receptor and cause a particular response. |
| Antagonist | Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response. |
| Bioavailability | The degree to which the drug molecule reaches the site of action to exert its effects. |
| Biotechnology | The concepts of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. |
| Biotransformation | In the liver, the chemical composition of a drug is changed by a process called metabolism or biotransformation. |
| Bolus | A concentrated mass of a substance administered intravenously for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. |
| Contraindication | Reasons against giving a particular drug. |
| Distribution | Drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the blood-stream to the site of action in this process. |
| Duration | The time between onset and disappearance of drug effects. |
| Emulsion | type of liquid medication in which the medication is contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier. |
| Enteral | The enteral route indicates that the medication is taken into the gastrointestinal tract, primarily by mouth (orally). |
| Excretion | Medications taken into the body are eliminated in the process called excretion, some drug molecules are eliminated in the bile, feces, or skin, but most unchanged drugs and metabolites are excreted by the kidneys and eliminated in urine. |
| Hypersensitivity | An adverse effect resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug. |
| Idiosyncratic effect | A drug reaction thought to occur in people with some genetic abnormality, causing either an excessive or an inadequate response to a drug. |
| Indication | The reason or purpose for giving a medication. |
| Local effect | Topical agents that work at the site of application. |
| Onset | The time between administration of a drug and the first appearance. |
| Parenteral | Indicates any route other than the digestive tract, the most common of which are subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Is the study of how drugs exert their effects on the body, at both the molecular and physiological levels. |
| Pharmacokinetics | Is the study of what the body does to drugs;how the body processes drugs. |
| Plasma protein binding | When drug molecules bind to proteins (albumin's and globulin's) contained in plasma— the liquid portion of blood. |
| Reconstituted | Drugs that come in powder form and are contained in glass vials, such powders, must be mixed with a liquid to forma solution that can be administered by injection. |
| Side effect | A predictable but unintended effect of a drug. |
| Solubility | The drugs ability to be dissolved. |
| Solution | A mixture of drug particles, called the solute, fully dissolved in a liquid medium, called the solvent, such as water or saline. |
| Suspension | A form in which solid undissolved particles float (are suspended) in a liquid. |
| Synergist | A drug that enhances the effect of another drug. |
| Systemic effect | Effects of medication throughout the entire body. |
| Topical | Medications are applied to the skin surface or a mucous membrane– lined cavity. |
| Controlled substances | A drug or chemical substance whose possession and use are prohibited by or regulated under the federal Controlled Substances Act or an analogous state law. |
| Narcotics | Is used to indicate any drug that can cause dependence. |
| DEA | Drug Enforcement Association DEA Number: is a number assigned to a health care provider allowing them to write prescriptions for controlled substances. |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration Required to approve of all new drugs |
| The Joint Commission | Accredits hospitals and other health care institutions, requires accredited facilities to publish a “ do not use” list for potentially dangerous abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols. |
| OTC | Over the Counter Category of medications that did not require a prescription. |
| PDR | Physicians Desk Reference One of the most frequently used pharmacology resources |
| USP-NF | United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP- NF) assigns an official name to the new medication; this is usually the generic name. |
Created by:
poe6tin