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8th Grade Science
Earth Science Weathering Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| loose weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants grow | soil |
| solid layer of rock beneath the soil | bedrock |
| a loose layer of leaves and other plant material on top of soil | litter |
| organisms that break the animal and plant remains and wastes into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals are known as | decomposers |
| humus forms in a process called | decomposition - organisms that live in the soil turn dead organic material into humas |
| mix air into soil | aerate |
| measure of how well the soil supports plant growth | fertility |
| a layer of soil that differs from the layers above and below it. soil develops layers called | horizons |
| crumbly dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other materials | topsoil |
| a layer of soil made mostly of clay and other particles, but with little or no humus in it | subsoil |
| the solid layer of rock beneath the soil | bedrock |
| process that breaks rock | weathering |
| removal of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity | erosion |
| principle that states the same processes that operate today operated in the past | uniformitarianism |
| type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces | mechanical weathering |
| process that breaks down rock through chemical changes | chemical weathering |
| a material that is full of tiny spaces that lets the water in | permeable |
| 3 causes of weathering | 1. freezes and thaws can crack or break rock 2. rain water can dissolve minerals 3. gases in the mineral breaks rock |
| 2 types of weathering | 1. mechanical 2. chemical weathering |
| Mechanical weathering works ? very long periods of time | slowly |
| Causes of mechanical weathering | 1. freezing and thawing 2. action of animals 3. release of pressure 4. plant growth 5. abrasion - the grinding away of rock |
| The steps of ice wedging | 1. water seeps into the crack 2. water expands 3. ice melts |
| Causes of chemical weathering | water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, living organism, and acid rain |
| Chemical weathering creates ? so the rock breaks apart more easily | holes |
| What is the most important cause of chemical weathering? | water |
| iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a process called | oxidation which produces rust |
| Carbon dioxide dissolves in rain water to create this acid | carbonic acid also known as acid rain |
| Burning coal, oil, and gas pollute the air with ? | sulfar, carbon, and nitrogen compounds to form other acids |
| Trees drop their seeds into cracks and the roots ? | push open the crack. |
| The roots produce ? that slowly dissolve rock around the roots | acid |
| Lichen also produce ? that chemically weather rock | acid |
| The rate of weathering is determined by ? and ? | rock and climate |
| If a rock is made up of minerals that do dissolve in water, weathering occurs ? and vice versa | faster |
| Weathering occurs faster in ? climates and at ? temps. | wet climates and higher temps |
| decayed plant and animal remains | humus |
| soil made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt | loam |
| List nutrients needed by plants for growth | nitrogen, sulfar, phophorus, and potassium |
Created by:
clt088