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Bio quiz Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a feature that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment. They can lead to a genetic change in population over time | adadptation |
| structures that perform a similar functions but are not similar in origin. Examples are the wings on bats and insects. | analogous structure |
| humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits. Humans determine which traits are favorable and then breed the individuals that show those traits. Humans are the selective agent. | artificial structure |
| the study of the distribution of organisms around the world. For example, the relationship between island and mainland species. | biogeography |
| Natural selection will in result in species with adaptations that are well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment. More individuals will have the trait in every following generation, as long as the environment is still well suited it. | descent with modification` |
| Features that are similar in STRUCTURE but appear in different organisms and have different functions. Help to show evidence from different species and show a common descent. Ex: wing of a bat and human hand | homologous structure |
| individuals have inherited beneficial adaptations that show differential success. They tend to produce more offspring on average than other individuals. | natural selection |
| Individual differences that may be heritable .Can either occur among members of different species or individuals of the same species. Basis of natural selection. Difference in physical traits among individuals. | variation |
| Undeveloped or unused features. They are remnants of organs or structures found in an early ancestor that no longer serves as a useful function or may now serve a different function. An examples is the wings of ostriches | vestigial structures |
| which scientist developed a system for classifying organisms still used today? "species consisted of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring | Carolus Linnaeus |
| Earth is much older than previously thought. Wrote natural history in 1749 | Buffon |
| More complex forms of life evolved from less complex forms. Proposed evolution by natural selection and descent with modification. charles poetic grandfather. | Darwin |
| Species dont become extinct but instead evolve into different forms in response to changes in the environment. Thought that acquired characteristics passed on to the next generation | Lamarck |
| what is variation among members of different species called? | interspecific variation |
| what is variation among the same species called? | intraspecific variation |
| to be considered members of the same species organisms must be able to... | reproduce together and have fertile offspring |
| what is incorrect about lamarcks theory of how organisms evolve? | he did not explain how traits were passed on to offspring |
| discovered extinction and proposed catastrophes to explain mass extinctions. Thought that catastrophes were regional and organisms from other areas migrate into bad areas and repopulate it | cuvier |
| the idea that changes on earth occurred by small steps over long periods of time - gradualism | james hutton |
| the idea that resources such as food, water, and shelter were natural limits to population growth. He also said that too many people lead to famine and increase of war. | thomas malthus |
| the idea that geologic processes add up over long periods of time to produce great change. - uniformitarianism. " the key to understanding the past is understanding the present". Father of modern geology and published principles of geology. | charles lyell |
| evidence of evolution comes from... | fossil record, geographic distribution of living species, similarities in embryology homologous body structures,dna and protein similarities/differences, and vestigial traits |
| vertebrate embryos repeat the major evolutionary features of ancestral embryos during development. | embryology |
| a trace of an organism that existed in the past is called... | fossils |
| ... is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors. | evolution |
| events such as volcanoes, floods, and earthquakes are the basis of... | catastrophism |
| ... cna be summarized by the phrase the "present is the key to the past. | uniformitarinism |
| darwins discovery of marine organisms high in the mountains led him to think that ancient people had carried sea animals from the seaside up into the mountains. True or False? | false |
| darwin thought that earth must be much older than scientists previously thought. true or false? | true |
| if earth was much older than previously thought, darwin knew there had been time for species to evolve gradually. True or False? | true |
| why did artificial selection interest darwin? | he had noticed that humans could breed for certain characteristics in animals |
| why must selected traits be heritable? | if a selected trait is not heritable, it cannot be passed down to the next generation |
| in natural selection what must be true of the traits that are passed down through generations? | the trait musts be one that gives an advantage to certain individuals |
| what important idea from thomas malthus inspired darwin? | disease and a limited food supply keep the population smaller |
| why is it significant that the vertebrate share several developmental homologies? | they share a common ancestor |
| the more related two organisms are, the more similar their dna will be | dna sequence analysis |
| the basis of molecular fingerprinting, which compares proteins among cell types | protein comparisons |
| scientists are still actively studying evolution through natural selection. true or false? | true |
| genetic evidence shows that whale never had ancestors living on land. true or false | false |
| the principles of evolution also affect the fields of medicine, geology, geography, chemistry, and ecology. true or false? | true |
| paleontologists can never find out anything new. True or False? | false |
| the study of fossils can help us to understand how evolution occurs. true or false? | true |
| the environment is the selective agent in natural or artificial selection? | natural |
| the measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population is called.... | fitnes |
| darwin later extended the ideas of an old earth and slow, gradual change to the evolution of organisms is.... | evolutionary organisms |
| what are the four main principles to the theory of natural selection? | variation, overproduction, adaptation, and descent with modification |
| control the development of specific structures and are the sequence of many genes.indicate a very distant common ancestor | homeobox genes |
Created by:
angelakim23