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7 Hebrew Binyanim
The 7 most common binyanim or conjugations in Biblical Hebrew
Term | name, pf and impf forms | example meaning |
---|---|---|
Nifal | N-on-the-front stem (N) יִקָּטֵל נִקְטַל | נִכְתַּב it was written (passive) |
Piel | Doubling stem (D) יְקַטֵּל קִטֵּל | כִּתֵּב he engraved (made something written, "factitive") |
Pual | Doubling stem, passive (Dp) יְקֻטַּל קֻטַּל | כּוּתַּב it was engraved (passive factitive) |
Hitpael | Doubling stem with t-prefix (tD) יִתְקַטֵּל הִתְקַטֵּל | הִתְכָּתֵּב - he corresponded (wrote back and forth, "reciprocal") |
Hifil | Adds-H-to-front stem (H) יַקְטִיל הִקְטִיל | הִכְתִּיב - he dictated (caused someone else to write, "causative") |
Hofal | Causative stem, passive (Hp) יָקְטַל הָקְטַל | הוּכְתַּב - He was dictated (someone else made him write, passive factitive) |
Qal passive (often confused with Dp) | Basic stem, passive (Gp) קֻטַל | כֻּתַב it was written. Compare to כּוּתַּב - the only difference is the dagesh. |
Qal | Grund stem (G), "basic stem" יִקְטֹל קָטַל | כָּתַב he wrote. (simple active meaning) |