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Renaissance/Reformat
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lorenzo de' Medici | Cosimo's grandson who was a clever politician who held Florence together during difficult times |
| Francesco Petrarch | Humanist who assembled a library of Greek and Roman texts also wrote Sonnets to Laura |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Artist who painted Mona Lisa and the Last Supper |
| Michelangelo | Artist who was famous for the sculpture Pieta |
| Raphael | Studied great Greek philosophers and painted them in The School of Athens |
| Baldassare Castiglione | Wrote the how-to book called The Book of Courtier that describes manners, skills, learning, and virtues members of court should have |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Wrote The Prince and attempted to convince people to rule harshly and that the ends justifies the means |
| Patron | Financial supporter |
| Humanism | Focus on worldly subjects rather than religious issues |
| Humanities | Subjects taught in ancient Greek and Roman schools |
| Perspective | Making distant objects smaller than those close to make art look 3D |
| What conditions in Italy contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance? | Italy had been center of Roman Empire (many remains and visible reminders), and also its cities survived the Middle Ages |
| Identify the concerns and attitudes emphasized during the Renaissance | The concerns were more worldly and focused on the present issues rather than religion |
| How did Renaissance art reflect humanist concerns? | It did not center around religion |
| Albrecht Durer | German Leonardo, spread/used Italian Renaissance techniques in the North |
| Jan van Eyck | Artist who drew townspeople and religious scenes with specific details |
| Francois Rabelais | Monk, physician, Greek scholar, and author who wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel about two gentle giants |
| William Shakespeare | Famous playwright |
| Miguel de Cervantes | Wrote Don Quixote in Spain |
| Johann Gutenberg | Printed the first edition of the Bible |
| Engraving | Etched design on a metal plate with acid |
| Vernacular | Everyday language of ordinary people |
| Utopian | Ideal society |
| How did Durer help bring the Renaissance to northern Europe? | He used Italian Renaissance techniques in his paintings which spread all over the North |
| What themes did Erasmus and More raise in their writings? | Social reform |
| What were three effects of the printing revolution? | More people learned to read, broadened knowledge, and contributed to religious turmoil |
| Protestant Reformation | Protest against Catholic Church |
| Martin Luther | German Monk, created Lutheran church and created the 95 Theses |
| Peace of Augsburg | Treaty that allowed for each prince to decide which religion would be followed in their land |
| John Calvin | Calvinism, predestination, theocracy |
| Huguenot | French Calvinists |
| John Knox | Calvinist preacher who led a religious rebellion, overthrew Queen of Scottland, and then set up Scottish Presbyterian Church |
| Indulgence | Lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in a purgatory |
| Recant | Give up his views |
| Predestination | The idea that god long ago determined who would gain salvation |
| Theocracy | Government run by Church leaders |
| Why did many Christians call for church reform? | Wanted indulgences and taxes to stop |
| How did Martin Luther's ideas differ from those expressed by the Catholic church? | No indulgences, and the pope had no authority to give out "indulgences" |
| Why did Luther gain wide-spread support? | Wanted church to have less power, and wanted church property |
| Identify five ideas taught by John Calvin | Salvation gained through faith alone, Bible is only source of truth, predestination, theocracy, religious education equality |
| Henry VII | Stood against Protestant revolt, but when the Pope did not annul his marriage he took over the church and called it the Anglican Church |
| Elizabeth I | Henry VII's daughter who decided to mix Protestant and Catholic views in England kept most Catholic traditions but English could replace Latin and accepted modern Protestant doctrine |
| Council of Trent | Council made by Pope to reaffirm Catholic views and ended abuses in church |
| Inquisition | Secret court set up by church for testimony, torture, and to root out heresy |
| Jesuits | Society of Jesus army |
| Teresa of Avila | Created stronger and stricter convents, was eventually declared a Saint |
| Annul | Cancel |
| Canonize | To be recognized as a Saint |
| Compromise | Acceptable middle ground |
| Scapegoat | People who were blamed for inexplainable problems |
| Ghetto | Separate quarter for Jews to live in |
| Why were the Anababtists considered radical? | Wanted to abolish private property, and tried to speed up the day of judgment by violent means |
| Describe the steps by which England became a Protestant country | Henry brakes off from Catholic church, Parliament is made of Protestants, Elizabeth tries to find middle ground |
| What were the goals of the Catholic reformation? | To hold back the protestants, and to end corruption |
| Why did persecution increase after the Reformation? | They were trying to strengthen religions and could not have anyone standing in their way |
Created by:
caroline_cole