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FEUDalism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Under Germanic law, if an accused person was unharmed after a physical trial, or ____, he or she was presumed innocent. | ordeal |
| Saint Benedict founded a community of monks that... | established the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church |
| The Carolingian Renaissance was.. | a revival of learning and culture. |
| The Vikings were made part of European civilization by... | the Frankish policy of settling them and converting them to 99Christianity. |
| The most important gift a lord could give to a vassal was.. | a piece of land. |
| ____ was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold. | Chivalry |
| In 1066, William of Normandy.. | invaded England, soundly defeating King Harold’s forces at the Battle of Hastings |
| The Magna Carta was a document that... | eventually was used to strengthen the idea that a monarch’s power was limited, not absolute. |
| ____ led the Muslim forces to retake Jerusalem from the crusaders | Saladin |
| Under early Germanic law, a wrongdoer had to pay ____, or “money for a man,” to the family of the person he injured or killed. | wergild |
| Gregory I, also known as Gregory the Great,.. | strengthened the power of the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church. |
| Charlemagne established the missi dominici, who were... | two men who were sent out to local districts to ensure that the counts were carrying out the king’s orders. |
| At the heart of the feudal system was... | vassalage, which meant warriors swore loyalty to a lord, who in turn took care of their needs. |
| The ____ was a set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal... | feudal contract |
| While the lord was away at war or court, management of his estate fell to... | the lady of the castle. |
| The Domesday Book was.. | the first census since Roman times. |
| Philip II Augustus greatly increased the power of the French monarchy by.. | waging war on the rulers of England and gaining control of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Aquitaine |
| Justinian’s codification of Roman law resulted in.. | The Body of Civil Law. |
| The push for the Crusades came when... | Emperor Alexius I asked for aid. |
| In order to encourage trade between Flanders and Italy, the counts of Champagne, | initiated a series of trade fairs in the chief towns of the territory. |
| A ____ was a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare.. | carruca |
| Serfs were different from peasants in that serfs... | were legally bound to the land upon which they worked and lived. |
| The struggle between Henry the IV and Gregory VII was known as.. | the Investiture Controversy. |
| Born to a wealthy merchant family, Francis of Assisi.. | eventually abandoned all worldly goods and material pursuits to live and preach in poverty. |
| Dominic de Guzmán believed the best way to attack heresy was... | the formation of a new religious order of men who lived lives of poverty and preached effectively. |
| The chief task of ____ was to harmonize Christian teachings with the works of the Greek philosophers...C, F | scholasticism |
| ____ literature was literature written in the language of everyday speech in a particular region... | Vernacular |
| Joan of Arc brought the Hundred Years’ War to a decisive turning point by... | inspiring the French with her faith. |
| Spain’s two strongest kingdoms, Castile and Aragon, were united when.. | Isabella married Ferdinand. |
| Peasants were required to pay their local village church a tithe, which was... | ten percent of their produce. |
| Merchants and artisans living in walled cities came to be called... | burghers or bourgeoisie, from the German word burg, meaning “a walled enclosure.” |
| Lay investiture was a practice by which... | secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their office. |
| To achieve his political ends, Pope Innocent III often used an interdict, which... | prohibited priests from giving the sacraments of the Church to a particular group of people. |
| The Inquisition was... | the court created by the Catholic Church to find and try heretics. |
| The Black Death killed nearly 38 million people, resulting in... | severe economic consequences. |
| Louis XI used the ____, a permanent tax, to create the foundations of a strong French monarchy... | taille |
| After the Hundred Years’ War, England faced more turmoil from.. | the War of the Roses. |
| A man who separates himself from ordinary society in order to pursue a life of dedication to God is | _monk |
| People sent out to carry a religious message were | missionaries |
| Monks copied the scriptures and Latin classics in rooms called | scriptoria_ |
| The region of land given by the west Frankish king to the Vikings came to be called | Normandy |
| Knights showed their fighting skills in contests called | tournaments |
| The clergy, the nobility, and the peasants and townspeople made up the three | estates |
| Under Edward I, the English ________ emerged. | parliament |
| In 1215, at Runnymeade, King John signed a document of rights called the | Magna Carta |
| The first French parliament, which convened in 1302, was called the____ General | Estates |
| The separation between the Eastern Orthodox and the Catholic Church of the West was called a | schism |
| The European Christians called the Muslims of the Holy Land ____________, or unbelievers. | infidels |
| One cause of the Black Death was alleged to be | the jews |
| vassalage | the idea that warriors swore an oath of loyalty to their leaders and fought for them. The leaders, in turn, took care of the warriors’ needs |
| wergild | a fine paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured or killed “money for a man |
| fief | under feudalism, a grant of land made to a vassal |
| Gregory I | a strong pope who strengthened the power of the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church |
| Justinian | emperor of eastern Roman empire, most important contribution was his codification of Roman Law |
| Phillip IV | brought the French Parliament into being by meeting with representatives of the three estates of French Society |
| Pope Innocent III | initiated the fourth crusade and used interdicts |
| Benedict | founded a community of monks for which he wrote a set of rules establishing the basic form of monasticism |
| Magna Carta | a feudal document who gave written recognition to the fact that a monarch’s power was limited, not absolute |
| ordeal | based on the idea of divine intervention; if the accused person was unharmed after a physical trial, he or she was presumed innocent |
| William of Normandy | king of England who was crowned after soundly defeating King Harold and his foot soldiers in the Battle of Hastings |
| vassal | a man who served a lord in a military capacity |
| Charlemagne | Frankish King who ruled from 768 to 814 in the Carolingian Renaissance “Charles the Great” |
| Saladin | led the Muslim forces to recapture Jerusalem |
| Vikings | Germanic people who came from the Northmen or Norsemen of Scandinavia; had a love for adventure and war spoils |
| knight | armored cavalry |
| bourgeoisie | artists in walled cities |
| Inquisition | a court established by the Catholic Church in 1232 to discover and try heretics; also called the Holly Office |
| interdict | a decree by the pope that forbade priests to give the sacraments of the church to the people |
| tithe | a tax on ten percent of a peasant’s produce |
| taille | permanent tax |
| lay investiture | practice by which secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their office. |
| Saint Francis of Assisi | gave up life of wealth to live one of poverty and simplicity |
| Joan of Arc | brought France to victory with her faith |
| carruca | a heavy wheeled plow |
| Guzmán | believed that a new religious order of men who lived the lives of poverty and were capable of preaching effectively would best be able to attack heresy; the denial of basic Church doctrines |
| scholasticism | philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason |
| manor | an agricultural estate run by the lord and worked by peasants |
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rosemint67