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PH 109 Final Part 1
PH 109 Final part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A light year is | the distance light travels in one year |
| In order to account for retrograde motion, the geocentric model had to | add another circle to a planet's orbit |
| Kepler's first law states that | planets revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits |
| What time of day does the first quarter Moon rise? | noon |
| If the Earth were inclined more on its axis than it currently is, what would be the consequences? | more drastic seasons |
| A shift in the direction of an object cause by a change in the position of an observer is called | parallax |
| Newton finally solved the problem of planetary motions by | inventing calculus |
| Newton's first law says objects continue their current motion unless | forces act on them |
| Why are there seven days of the week on our current calendars? | that was how many celestial objects in the sky moved with respect to other objects |
| The apparent path of the sun around the celestial sphere against the background of the stars during the year is | ecliptic |
| Large telescopes are reflecting rather than refracting because | mirrors are easier to support than lenses |
| Galileo's observations of Venus showed | phases like the Moon |
| When the sun appears to cross the equator from the north to south this is called | fall |
| Who were the first to know the Earth was round? | the Greeks |
| What did Galileo observe with the planet Jupiter that helped change the view of our solar system? | Jupiter had four moons in orbit around it |
| This person invented Calculus | Newton |
| What will happen to the strength of the force of gravity between two bodies if their distances is increased by a factor of three? | it will decrease by a factor of 9 |
| The frequency at which a star emits the most light depends upon the star's | temperature |
| what was special about Galileo's observation of Venus? | it proved that Venus must orbit around the Sun |
| Which applies the greatest force, the Moon on the Earth or the Earth on the Moon? | They are the same |
| Our bodies ordinarily emit | infrared light |
| the point directly over an observer's head is that observer's | zenith |
| Polaris, the North Star, does not appear to move in the sky because | It lies approximately over the northern axis of the Earth |
| If I combine several telescopes together to synthesize a larger telescope I have created a(n) | interferometer |
| Aliens abduct me but then set me down at a different place on the Earth. I observe the diurnal motion of the stars and note that they rise straight up in the East and go overhead and set straight in the West. Where am I? | The Equator |
| What is the approximate azimuth and elevation of Mars just as it rises? | az= 90 degrees, el= 10 degrees |
| The stars in a constellation | only appear to be related |
| Why don't we get eclipses during each full and new moon? | The Moon's orbit plane is tipped to the equator |
| The significance of the constellations is | they were inherited from antiquity but have limited meaning |
| What do we call the event when the Earth's shadow falls on the Moon's surface? | lunar eclipse |
| A planet in a highly elliptical orbit has its greatest speed when | it is closest to the Sun |
| The ability of a telescope to image faint objects depends on the area of its lens. If I double the size of a circular telescope, what happens to its ability to image faint objects? | it increases by four |
| Viewed looking down upon the North Pole, the Earth would be seen rotating | counter-clockwise |
| A device that breaks light up into various colors is called | a spectrometer |
| Why do astronomers want to observe in different parts of the spectrum? | because they observe different physics |
| retrograde motion is when | the apparent loop of a planet makes in the sky when overtaken by another planet |
| Star A appears bluish white in color, while star B appears reddish in color. This tells you that | star a is hotter than star b |
| The radio part of the spectrum is most sensitive to which component of the universe? | gas |
| A police officer tells me that my blue shift velocity exceeded posted limits. What does he mean? | you were speeding towards him. |
| What was significant about Galileo's observations of the planet Jupiter? | He saw Moons in orbit which proved everything did not orbit around Earth |
| Most extrasolar planets have been found by | transits |
| Which body causes the greatest tidal forces on the Earth? | the Moon |
| This planet has the greatest day/night temperature differences | Mercury |
| This planet's density is so small it could float in a bathtub if you had one big enough | Saturn |
| The clouds of Venus are made mostly of | Sulfuric acid |
| The asteroid belt was probably formed by | The result of two small planets colliding |
| The greenhouse effect occurs because | carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light and opaque to infrared radiation. |
| What is the most famous recurring meteor shower? | Perseid |
| Why does Mars have seasons? | Its axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane |
| The many ringlets which compose planetary ring systems are caused by | gravitational resonances |
| The gas tail of a comet always | points away from the sun |
| This planet has a very Moon-like surface | Mercury |
| Venus is a planet showing an extreme version of what? | the greenhouse effect |
| The rings of Uranus were discovered when? | during an occultation of a star |
| Cassini's division is | a gap in Saturn's rings |
| The main reason the Earth is able to retain an atmosphere is | its gravity is strong enough to hold an atmosphere |
| So far, most of the discovered extrasolar planets | are hot Jupiters |
| What theory of the Moon's origin is favored by most astronomers today? | The Moon originated as material torn from the young, mostly molten Earth by centrifugal or tidal force |
| What factor caused different planets to form out of different types of material? | The variation in temperature throughout the solar nebula. |
| Europa has few craters because | it has erased craters nearly as fast as they have formed |
| What produces aurora? | Collisions of high energy particles with atmospheric gas |
| The presence of Earth's magnetic field is a good indication that | a quantity of liquid metal is swirling around in the Earth's core |
| Suppose a planet is orbited by a number of satellites. Which of the satellites will feel the strongest tidal forces due to the planet? | A large satellite in a close orbit |
| How do we know the Earth has a liquid core? | only compression waves make it through |
| This planet has the strongest magnetic field in the solar system | Jupiter |
| The Cobb family wants to go to the beach during the highest of tides. When should they go? | during new Moon or Full phase |
| How often does a location on the Earth experience a "High" tide? | twice per day |
| The light given off by a comet | is a reflected sunlight |
| The rate of cratering on the lunar highlands helps to show that | They are older than the maria. |
| The gas that is most responsible for the greenhouse effect on Earth is | Carbon Dioxide |
| What causes a meteor shower? | Earth crosses the orbit of a comet |
| This is the only planet that was mathematically predicted to exist | Neptune |
| How big does a meteor have to be before it can strike the ground? | fist sized |
| How do the escape velocities of the Jovian planets compare to the terrestrial planets? | The Jovian planets have much higher escape velocities |
| Which of the Jupiter's satellites has volcanoes of sulfur? | Io |
| How do we usually measure the rotation rates of the terrestrial planets? | using the Doppler effect |
| Shepherd moons are | moons which shepherd particles into rings |
| How often does a location on the Moon experience a tide? | never |
| The Roche limit is | the distance from a planet where moons cannot exist |
| Meteor showers get their name from | the constellation they appear to come from |
Created by:
emulligan
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