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Organic Chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why does the bond strength of a carbon- halogen bond decrease as the size of the halogen increases? | The size of the p orbital of the halogen is progressively more mismatched against the sp3 orbital of the carbon |
| What occurs in a nucleophilic substitution? | A nucleophile replaces the halide of a haloalkane |
| In all cases of using "electron pushing" arrows in reaction mechanisms, what do the arrows denote? | The movement of electrons |
| What occurs in all SN2 reactions? | Inversion of configuration from reactant to product |
| What do E1 reactions produce? | Alkenes |
| In an E2 Mechanism, what does the strong base attack? | The hydrogen next to the carbon bearing the leaving group |
| What affects the competition between substitution and elimination reactions? | Steric bulk around the nucleophilic atom, steric hindrance at the haloalkane, and nucleophile basicity |
| What accompanies SN1 reactions with tertiary haloalkanes? | E1 reaction products |
| What defines an organic compound as an alcohol? | The presence of at least an -OH group in the molecule |
| What intermolecular force enhances the water solubility of alcohols? | Dipole interactions |
| Why is water more difficult to evaporate than ethanol? | more hydrogen bonding between oxygen and hydrogen |
| In organic chemistry, what constitutes an oxidation? | a reaction that adds more oxygen atoms to a molecule |
| Why is the production of ketone from an alcohol considered an oxidation? | because it adds an oxygen molecule |
| An organometallic reagent must include what type of elements? | at least one carbon atom and a halogen |
| What is the byproduct of a Grignard reagent and an aldehyde? | |
| What are Isomers? | molecules with the same chemical composition and general formula but different developped formula |
| What are Constitutional isomers? | isomer whose atoms have a different connectivity |
| What are Stereoisomers? | isomers that have the same connectivity but differ in arrangements of their atoms in space |
| What are Enantiomers? | stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable mirror images of each other |
| What are Diastereomers? | stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other |
| In which direction is the R confirmation? | Clockwise, based on highest priorities |
| In which direction is the S confirmation? | Counter clockwise, based on highest priorities |
| What happens if light goes through a polarizer? | only one light plane emerges |
| If the analyzer is rotated clockwise, what becomes of the rotation? | the rotation is positive and the molecule is Dextrorotatory (D). |
| If the analyzer is rotated counter clockwise, what becomes of the rotation? | the rotation is negative and the molecule is Levorotatory (L). |
| What is the maximum number of stereoisomer available? | 2^n where n is equal to the number of tetrahedral stereogenic centers. i.e. 2^n = 2^2 = 4 possible stereoisomers |
| What are Meso compouds? | Achiral despite the presence of stereogenic centers |
| What is a Fisher Projection? | a 2D representation of chiral molecules |
| What do vertical lines represent in the Fisher Projections? | Molecules that go behind the plane of paper |
| What is a Nucleophile? | any molecule with an unshared electron pair |
| What happens in a Nucleophilic substitution reaction? | the nucleophile react with an electron deficient carbon |
| What is a leaving group? | a substituent that can leave as a relatively stable entity |
| What is an SN2 reaction? | when a nucleophile does a backside attack which results in an inversion of configurations |
| What is an SN1 reaction? | a first order nucleophilic substitution |
| What happens in multistep reactions? | The rate of the lowest step will be the rate of the entire reaction |
| What are considered GOOD leaving groups? | I- Br- H2O Cl- HSO4- CH3SO3- |
Created by:
SierraHarris
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