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Child psychology
Chapter 14 Final exam study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Approximately how many children in the United States live with at least one lesbian or gay parent? | 1-9 million |
| Longitudinal research suggests that changes in sibling relationships are most likely to occur when one sibling is between the ages of | 7 and 9 years old |
| Parents who wish to exert a positive influence on their children's emotional growth should | encourage their children to express feelings constructively |
| Self-esteem reflects a child's assessment of her or his | global self-worth |
| Children who are victims of bullying tend to have | low self-esteem |
| Joey is 15 and lives in the United States. What are the chances that he has a television set in his bedroom? | 60% |
| Which of the following statements is correct regarding adopted and non-adopted children? | Most adjustment problems that adopted children have seem to surface around middle childhood. |
| Selman's research on children's friendships indicated that most school-age children are in stage | stage II |
| Jeremiah has been getting a bag of mints every time he finishes his social studies homework on time. In behavior modification, | principles of learning theory are used to alter behavior. |
| major determinant of self-esteem is a child's view of his or her capacity to | complete productive work |
| When he was a baby, Charlie was adopted by a homosexual couple in New York. Now 17, having lived throughout his development with gay parents, numerous studies show that he has a 1 in 3 likelihood of | None of these; there are no consistent differences between children raised by homosexual parents and children raised by heterosexual parents. |
| what age do children typically show pride and shame? | 7 or 8 |
| In middle childhood, peer groups | all of the above |
| According to McLoyd, parents who live in poverty are likely to use a(n) __________ parenting style. | authoritarian |
| As an infant, Louie had what most people would describe as a "difficult" temperament. However, Louie is now 6 years old and his father has established a mutually affectionate, cooperative relationship with him. As their relationship has improved, Louie ha | |
| Adoptions where parties share information or have direct contact are called __________ adoptions. | Open adoptions |
| If you were to summarize Selman's work regarding friendships, which of the following statements would you use? | A child's perception of friendship develops in stages. |
| Over the past few decades, what has been the trend regarding the percentage of children under 18 living with two parents in the United States? | The number is decreasing |
| virtue that develops with successful resolution of Erikson's fourth crisis is | Competence |
| middle childhood, __________ have more friends, and _________ have closer friends. | boys have more friends, girls have closer friends |
| During her freshman year of high school, Mira developed a serious pattern of disobedience and hostility toward adult authority figures. The school psychologist told her parents that she was most likely suffering from | oppositional defiant disorder |
| Nine-year-old Stephanie is beginning to internalize the values of her parents and society. Although her parents exercise general supervision over her, when she is not with them she exercises her own form of self-supervision. This phenomenon is called | coregulation |
| The Corcorans decided to put their son David in a private school because they were disappointed in the behavior of his friends. Which of the following is most likely to be a negative effect of peer groups during middle childhood? | At a time when children are most susceptible to peer pressure, the peer group exerts pressure to conform. |
| Karut is growing up in a home and a neighborhood with constant, pervasive violence. He often has trouble sleeping, he cannot concentrate on his homework, and he has been sent home three times already this year for fighting. According to your textbook, wha | problems attaching to others for fear of more hurt and loss |
| In general, the more satisfied a mother is with her employment status, the more effective she is likely to be as a parent. However, the effect of her work on her child can depend on the child's | |
| Grace, 17, volunteers with her neighborhood after-school program and every year collects money to send to political refugees. She also participates in a tutoring program with her school to help children with learning and behavioral problems. What can be s | Her self-esteem is high, because helping those less fortunate helps to build it. |
| Broad, inclusive self-concepts that integrate various aspects of the self are called | representational systems |
| Mindy, age 9, is inactive and seems tired all the time. She cries often, has trouble concentrating on her schoolwork, will not eat, cannot sleep, and has no friends. Mindy is most likely experiencing | childhood depression |
| Which of the following is an influence on a child's adjustment to divorce? | |
| Which of the following statements is correct regarding the effect poverty can have on children? | Persistent poverty appears to be more damaging to children's self-esteem, peer relations, and conduct than does intermittent hardship. |
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cdscott01