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APUSH Chapter 29
APUSH 2014/2015
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Henry Demarest Lloyd | author of "Wealth Against Commonwealth", which was published in 1894 |
| Thorstein Veblen | author of "The Theory of the Leisure Class", which was published in 1899 |
| Jacob Riis | author of "How the Other Class Lives", a "damning indictment of the slums", which was published in 1890; it influenced Roosevelt |
| Lincoln Steffens | wrote "The Shame of the Cities" in 1902, which unmasked the alliance between big businesses and government |
| Theodore Dreiser | a novelist who used blunt prose to banter promoters and profiteers in The Financer (1912) and The Titan (1914) |
| Ida Tarbell | exposed the Standard Oil Company in a very factual exposé |
| Robert M. LaFolette | a progressive governor from Wisconsin who returned power to the people and regulated public utilities |
| Hiram Johnson | Republican governor of California; helped break the dominant grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on California politics and set up his own political machine |
| Frances Willard | founded the Women's Christian Temperance Union; allied with the Anti-Saloon League |
| Florence Kelley | Illinois' first chief factory inspector |
| John Muir | famed naturalist of the Sierra Club |
| Gifford Pinchot | TR's chief forester; believed "wilderness was waste"; wanted to use resources intelligently |
| Upton SInclair | wrote "The Jungle", an exposé of Chicago's meatpacking industry |
| William Howard Taft | had different views from Roosevelt but was still a progressivist; TR's successor |
| RIchard Ballinger | Secretary of State who opened public lands in the West during the Ballinger-Pinchot quarrel in 1912 |
| initiative | progressive proposal to allow voters to bypass state legislatures and propose legislation themselves |
| referendum | the proposed system of placing to-be-passed laws on ballots, allowing the people to vote on them |
| recall | essentially a form of impeachment; the name for giving voters the ability to remove from office disloyal or incompetent officials |
| conservation | wanted to preserve nature and forests |
| "rule of reason" | under the Sherman Act, contracts or conspiracies are illegal only if they constitute an unreasonable restraint of trade or an attempt to monopolize |
| Muckrakers | journalists who sometimes exaggeratedly exposed political corruption or incorrectly covered controversial events |
| 17th Amendment | established direct election of senators; passed in 1913 |
| 18th Amendment | prohibited the manufacturing, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages |
| Elkins Act | imposed heavy fines on railroads that gave rebates and on the shippers that accepted them; 1903 |
| Hepburn Act | free passes were severely restricted; it expanded the Interstate Commerce Commission to include express companies, sleeping car companies, and pipelines; 1906 |
| Northern Securities Case | Roosevelt challenged the most powerful and wealthy company led by Morgan and Hill; in 1904 the Supreme Court ordered the company to be dissolved, a decision that jolted Wall St. and enhanced TR's popularity |
| Women's Trade Union League | made up of both working class and wealthy women; formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and eliminate sweatshop conditions |
| Muller v. Oregon | 1908; Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of laws protecting women workers by presenting evidence of the harmful effects of factory labor |
| Lochner v. New York | 1905; Supreme Court invalidated a NY law establishing a 10-hour workday for bakers |
| Triangle Shirtwaist fire | exposed the true extent of the bad conditions in many factories; many people died, mostly women |
| Meat Inspection Act | 1906; decreed that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906; designated to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals |
| Newlands Act | 1902; authorized the federal government to collect money from the sale of public lands in western states and use these funds for the development of irrigation products |
| Sierra Club | oldest and largest grassroots environmental association; founded by John Muir in 1892 |
| Yosemite National Park | a national park in California |
| dollar diplomacy | Taft's foreign policy in which he replaced "bullets with dollars" and involved investors instead of the military |
| Payne-Aldrich Act | 1909; a protective act that placed a high tariff on many imports |
| Ballinger-Pinchot Affair | Secretary of State Richard Ballinger vs. Gifford Pinchot; Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska; he was criticized by Pinchot |
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fontainesophie