Help

Options

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't Know

Remaining cards (0)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

History Test 3

Lecture 4 (11.20)

Question	Answer
down to the attack on fort sumter, secession was just ____.	a political theory
both ___________ and _________ thought that secession was a bluff.	lincoln and buchannan
why did they both think secession was a bluff?	people had been talking about nullification and secession for decades, but no one ever really did anything about it. they took it further this time than it had ever been taken before
secession is the ultimate expression of...	states rights.
the south thought that they were fighting for...	states rights because they thought slavery should be allowed in the states.
the confederate government was powerful.	false. their government was weak, much like the articles of confederation.
why was their government weak?	the states wanted their own power, they were fighting for states rights, so it was hard for the government to maintain power
in 1861, neither side was preapared for war.	true.
both sides thought that the war wold end quickly.	true. they both thought they would quickly win and get it over with.
lincoln and davis put pressure on their generals at the beginning of the war because	they thought the war could be over quickly and wanted it over as soon as possible.
what was the union's strategy?	at first, their strategy was to go to the confederate capital. they planned to storm the capital, take it out, and end the war.
what was the capital of the confederacy?	richmond
what was the confederacy's strategy?	at first, their strategy was to go to the union capital. they planned to storm the capital, take it out, and end the war.
what was the capital of the union?	washington
was the war short like both sides planned?	no. it was very long and drawn out.
the civil war brought many firsts because of the	shifting war tactics.
the civil war was the first _____ war.	total
the civil war was fought on what kind of scale?	very large. it was fought on a scale the country had never seen before.
casualties in one civil war battle were larger than all of the casualties in the revolutionary war, war of 1812, and mexican war.	true
civil war brought ______.	slaughter that the country had never seen
the civil war was the _______ war america ever fought.	bloodiest
the civil war was one of the first _______ wars.	modern
what was another of the first modern wars?	crimean war. fought in the 1850s.
new weapons came about in the civil war. what were some of them?	gatling guns, machine guns, new artillery
neither side was worried about their capital falling.	false. the capitals were very close together (first time this had ever happened), so they were worried about their capitals falling.
what new war strategies came about?	entrenchment, wire entanglements
some new features of battle on the seas were...	iron clad ships
which side underestimated the other?	both sides underestimated each other.
what did the southerners expect to happen?	southerners didn't respect northerners and they expected them to end up running away
what did the northerners expect to happen?	they expected to blow the southerners out and expected them to run away
which side had more advantages at the start of the civil war?	the north
what kind of advantages did they have?	population and land advantages, economic and industrial advantages, and transport advantages
population advantages:	22 million people in the north, 9 million people in the south, 3 million of the southerners were slaves which were not used in battle. (4 to 1 advantage)
land advantages:	north had more states (4 to 1 advantage)
industrial and economic advantages:	union made most of the country's shoes, cloth, and cotton products. union put out 97 percent of the country's firearms, 96 percent of the mechanics, most of the shipping, most of the mercantile firms, and mot of the banking was in Boston and New York.
economic and industrial advantages:	south had almost no manufacturing, and the manufacturing that was in the south was in border states, which the union did not allow to join the confederacy. only one iron works in the confederacy at Richmond (Tredegar Ironworks).
South economic/industrial disadvantage:	south could not export cotton due to the blockade, so the north ended up outdoing the south in agriculture as well as manufacturing.
what kind of agricultural crops were produced in the north?	"king wheat." they sold wheat overseas to make money during the war.
economically/industrially, the north had a _:_ advantage.	10 to 1
transport advantage:	north had more wagons, horses, ships. 20,000 miles of railroad in the north v 10,000 in the south. rail lines in south were short and had different gages. north's were more sophisticated. north able to move crops, troops, and supplies over to the east.
southerners in the union navy left the union navy to support the confederate navy.	false. southerners in the union navy stayed with the union navy.
how many ships did the union navy have at the beginning of the war?	65
how many ships did the union navy have by the end of the war?	650
what did the ships do during the war?	blockaded the south.
were they successful?	yes. they were never completely water-tight, but they were very constrictive. it really hurt the south and the british.
what were the south's advantages at the beginning of the war?	they had military advantages
military advantages:	they had more experienced military leaders (lee), there was more of a military condition in the south, military schools were mainly in the south, and westpoint had drawn many southerners that now sided with the confederacy.
southern generals had not left military service like many northern generals had.	true. they continually remained in military service. some northern generals left the military for a while to try to make it in civilian life.
name some northern generals that temporarily left military service.	ulysses s grant and george mclellan
on which side did william sherman fight?	he was originally at an institution in the south (baton rouge), but when the war broke out, he went back to the north
who did the south hope would join them during the war?	british
did they join the south?	no. the north keeps britain from joining the war
what would britain have brought to the war?	they had the biggest naval fleet in the world and bought a lot of southern cotton
who was the commander of the union army at the beginning of the war?	winfield scott
what was his nickname?	old, fat, and feeble
lee immediately got command of the confederate army after going to VA.	false. it took him a while
what was the winfield scott's strategy for the north?	anaconda strategy: blockade the south, starving them of resources. divide the south by going down rivers. they planned for a slow, gradual campaign to win the war.
scott realized that the war was not going to be won quickly.	true.
scott underestimated the south.	false.
what did scott think the north needed to do to the south to win the war?	wear out their military strength and will to fight
scott's strategy was very popular in the north.	false. northerners wanted a quick victory, which scott did not plan for.
when was the first battle of the civil war?	july 21, 1861
what was the first battle of the civil war?	the battle of bull run / battle of manassas
the first battle occurred how long after the surrender of fort sumter?	three months
who was the southern general in charge at this time?	PGT Beauregard
beauregard brought forces ....	north into VA
who was the northern general in charge?	irwin mcdowell
how many men did mcdowell have?	30,000
mcdowell believed that he had the enemy outnumbered.	true.
what other confederate leader led troops into the battle of bull run?	joseph johnston
how many men did johnston have?	12,000
did the confederates or union army have more men?	the confederates outnumbered the union forces
did the confederate or union army win?	the two armies ran in to each other and it became a major mess. it looked like it was going to be a victory for the union, but confederates made a stand. the north withdrew in a panic back to washington.
who got their name during this battle and what did they do to get it?	stonewall jackson, the southern general. he made a stand as the northern forces were attacking. northern general bernard b said "there stands jackson, like a stone wall with his forces."
did stonewall jackson survive the battle?	no. he was killed.
who came to watch this battle?	people from washington had come to watch this battle. they came in carriages eating their lunches.
these people expected the battle to be easily won by the north.	true.
when the northerners retreated, how did the people react?	they retreated with them in a panic.
confederates were victorious.	true
confederates took a lot of casualties.	true.
Because northern general irwin mcdowell failed, who replaced him?	george mclellan
McLellan was the general that Lincoln was looking for.	false
the day after the battle of bull run, he confederates march into washington.	false. confederates thought about marching into washington the next day, but a huge storm hits the country turning it into a muddy mess. they were never able to follow up and storm washington.
lincoln continually tries to find the "right" general.	true
what kind of general did he want?	a fighting general that could actually win some battles
what was wrong with mclellan according to lincoln?	he was too cautious
how long was it before lincoln found the right general and who was it?	it was a couple of years before ulysses s. grant came forward to fill that role
who did the europeans send to watch the war?	advisors
what was the purpose of european advisors?	they watched what was going on during the war.
europe declared at the beginning of the war that they were ___.	neutral
did the remain neutral throughout the war?	yes.
what did the south want from europe?	manufactured good and weapons
what did they believe they needed in order to get these goods from europe?	a good victory at one of the battles
europeans were unsure if the north or the south was going to win.	false. they did not believe that the north could possibly win the war.
why did they believe that the south would win the war, hands down?	the south was huge and they had a military tradition in the south
what happened in the eastern theater of the war after the battle of bull run?	there was a lull for about nine months
what were both sides doing during this lull?	preparing themselves for war
what did the north do during the war?	they began with a small army (16,000 soldiers), so they worked on building up their army with volunteer soldiers
lincoln had already called for _____ volunteers. _____ responded.	75,000 ; 80,000
how long did they sign up for?	3 or 6 months
what happened after the soldiers' three or six months was over?	they just went home.
lincoln put out another call on may 3rd for ____ more volunteers.	45,000
how long did lincoln say the soldiers would serve this time?	three years rather than three or six months
no volunteers responded because of the three year commitment.	false. many volunteers respondd
lincoln continually made more calls more more men.	true
by the end of 1861, the union army had authorization for _____ soldiers.	500,000
another 500,000 soldiers was later added to the initial 500,000.	true.
cities, counties, and states got groups of people together and did what?	mobilized them
who were their leaders?	"big wigs"
what was the effect of having these people as their commanders/officers?	the officers were very political and were untrained, so the groups were just untrained mobs of people.
what did mclellan do with his army during the lull?	he spent time specifically organizing his army
mclellan underestimated his enemy.	false. he overestimated his enemy, which was a good thing.
who worked as a detective for mclellan?	allen pinkerton led an intellegence operative
what was mclellan's army called?	the army of the potomac
what was mclellan's strategy?	take richmond
why did lincoln force/order mclellan to attack?	he never would've done it on his own. lincoln was tired of waiting.
the confederate army had a lot more men than the union army.	false. they had a lot less men than the union army.
confederacy had a volunteer army.	true, but because they had so few men, they were forced to put a draft in place.
the seas were not an important part of the civil war.	false. many things continued to happen on the seas.
the north built up their ____ and put a _____ ______ in place.	navy ; southern blockade
what complications occurred with the british in 1861?	November 1861: union navy stopped a british ship, the trent, which was an illegal act during war. two confederate agents were taken off the ship, angering the british.
which agents were taken off the trent?	slidell and mason
what did the british do in response to the stopping of the trent?	Lord Palmerstone sent the united states a stiff diplomatic note
the british were also angry at the north because..	the southern blockade kept their ships from reaching the south
people thinks that the north is going to go to war with britain.	true.
why doesn't war occur with britain?	Prince Albert calms Lord Palmerston, making the diplomatic notes less "stiff."
what problems occured with the british in 1862?	the british were building several raiders (ships) for the confederacy to attack ships of the north
the british had declared themselves to be neutral.	true
making ships for the confederacy was not allowed; they were not supposed to be doing that.	true.
the british stopped the finishing, sending out, and delivery of one of the ships because the north called them out.	true.
what was the most famous raider the british made for the confederacy?	the alabama
the alabama never reached the confederacy.	false. it got out of the port and the confederate navy got a hold of it before they could stop its production.
what did the alabama do?	it sunk many union (northern) ships before it, itself, was sunk.
how long was it in action before being sunk?	two years
the british were not sorry for making the ships and did not give the north anything for doing so.	false. they repaid for some of the war damages the alabama caused after the war is over
what new kinds of ships were being used during the civil war?	ironclad ships
battle between _____ and ____ in march 1862 in VA waters.	monitor (union) and Merrimack (Confederate). Merrimack also called the virginia by the confederates.
which ship won?	it was a draw because both ships withdrew.
in spring 1862, there was a battle at new orleans. who was victorious?	north/union
who was the big war hero, the admiral that lead the north to victory?	david farragut
what did farragut do?	he forced open the lower mississippi
where did the people in new orleans expect the attack to come from?	the north. they did not expect an attack from the sea
where did farragut's troops come from?	the gulf of mexico
what did they take?	the port of new orleans (bad for the confederacy)
this caused the union to fight...	up and down the mississippi
it was only a matter of time before the north controlled..	the entire mississippi river
how many theaters of battle were there during the civil war?	two--east and west
which theater did the first battles of the civil war occur in?	the western theater. there were several battles there.
who were the union generals of the western theater?	george thomas
who were the confederate generals of the western theater?	albert sydney johnston
how many men did johnston have?	40,000
where were his men?	they were spread out over a wide range in kentucky and tennessee
in which theater did you first hear the name ulysses s grant?	western
what did ulysses s grant do in the western theater?	helped take fort donelson and forced 12 thousand confederates to surrender
what was grant's nickname?	unconditional surrender grant
over time, grant became famous for what?	using his men. he knew that he had more troops than the southerners, so he did not mind taking casualties. he knew that he would have replacements that the other side did not.
grant was very willing to ____, which is exactly what lincoln was looking for.	fight
what land did the union regain that had previously been the confederate's?	kentucky and tennessee
in 1862, it looked as if the union was going to take land deep into the south as well.	true.
what battle occurred in southwestern tennessee?	shiloh
the battle of shiloh was the ____ bloodies battle so far in the war.	bloodiest
when was the battle of shiloh fought?	april 1862
who attacked who ?	confederates attacked northern forces
who withdrew first?	confederates withdrew
what was the result of the battle?	it was really a draw
how many casualties were taken (both sides combined) at the battle of shiloh?	25,000
what southern general was killed during the battle of shiloh?	albert sydney johnston
why was his death such a blow to the south?	he was one of the best southern commanders
after the battle of shiloh, lincoln sidelined grant. why?	the bloodiness of the battle. people we appalled.
who was the new general that took his place?	a man from the north--Henry Halleck
what theater did Halleck take command of?	west
Halleck took risks.	false. he was seen as aggressive, but he was very cautious
why was Halleck so cautious?	he was determined not to repeat Grant's mistake
both the confederate and the union army enacted drafts during the civil war.	true. though they were avoided at the beginning of the war, drafts became a "must" for both sides as time went on.
when did the confederacy first enact a draft?	april 1862
what was the range of their draft?	all white males ages 18-35 are declared members of the confederate army for three years
the draft age was later raised.	true.
what was it raised to?	all white males ages 17-50
there were certain exemptions for the draft. what were they?	government jobs (including teachers) were not included in the draft and there was one white man kept on each plantation. you could also find someone to take your place or pay your way out of fighting.
exemptions created loopholes and discontent in the south.	true
how did alexander stephens (VP of the confederacy) feel about the draft?	he was openly against it. he thought that all of the soldiers should be volunteer.
when was the union draft put into place?	march 1863
what was their draft range?	ages 20-45
though a draft was enacted in the union, most of the soldiers were still volunteer.	true.
union resorted to ________ at one point in order to get people to join the army	bounties
what percent of soldiers in the union army, despite the draft, were volunteer soldiers?	95 percent
how did northerners feel about the draft?	there was a protest in NYC. the protests were called the NYC Riots
when did the NYC riots occur?	july 1863
what happened during the riots in NYC?	white mobs (many irishmen) attacked black people on the streets, blaming them for the war.
how many people were killed?	74, most of them black
what kind of property was destroyed during the riots?	an orphanage of black children was burned to the ground, killing many children
how much property was damaged?	several million dollars worth
who was sent to put the riots down?	federal troops
not all northerners were against slavery.	true.
many people were angry because once the war started...	trading with the south ceased, and they lost their jobs.
what caused the lull to cease in the eastern theater?	lincoln ordered mclellan to attack
what did lincoln order mclellan to attack?	richmond
how did lincoln want mclellan to attack? did he obey commands?	lincoln wanted mclellan to go strait for richmond, but mclellan came up with a plan to come in from the side on the peninsula where the battle of yorktown had occurred.
did lincoln approve of mclellan's idea?	yes. he didn't care what mclellan did. he just wanted him to attack
mclellan is ____ and ____.	slow and cautious
what happens because mclellan is slow and cautious?	the confederate army slipped away from him
who was mclellan going up against?	joseph johnston
what do the southerners of the eastern theater try?	a diversion tactic
what was this diversion tactic?	they sent an army into the shadenoa valley to the west of washington to scare lincoln and the people, making them think that they were going to attack.
who was sent with them?	stonewall jackson
their tactic leads to battle on _____ and is called the ______.	may 31, 1862 ; seven pines battle
what was the outcome of the seven pines battle?	it was a disastrous union defeat
who took command of the confederate forces ?	Robert E Lee
What to Lee and Jackson strike at on June 26?	the Union army's extreme right
where do they strike?	mechanicsville
what does this strike lead to?	seven days battle (end of june and beginning of july)
how long did the battle last?	seven days
the battle left few casualties.	false. there were many casualties.
was the confederate army successful?	no- they failed to dislodge the union forces
what was the result of the war?	they ended up with a bloody stalemate. union forces could not go foward to richmond, which had been their goal.
what happened to mclellan?	lincoln temporarily took him out of the war
who took his place?	halleck, from the west
all of this culminates in august 1862 at what battle?	second battle of bull run
who was the victor at the second battle of bull run?	the confederacy
who made a name for themself at this battle?	james longstreet
what did he do?	he defeated an army under the union general john pope
lincoln put ____back in charge.	mclellan
why did he put mclellen back in command?	he was very popular and the new general did not help at all
what were the confederates still trying to do?	get a victory good enough to convince the british and the french to take their side during the war
when was the fighting moved out of VA and by who?	in september 1862, lee moved the fighting out of VA (one month after the battle of shiloh)
why did lee take the fighting out of VA?	he wanted to win a battle on union soil
when lee took the battle out of va, what was his plan?	go up north and attack them on their own soil
what did this lead to?	battle of antietam
before the battle of antietam, the north got a huge break. how/what was it?	a confederate officer dropped a bundle of cigars around which he had wrapped his orders (it listed how many troops the south had, how they delivered their army, etc.)
why did the union not take advantage of this information?	mclellan did not believe it
in what month was the battle fought at antietam creek?	september
who were the confederate officers in charge?	lee and jackson
who were the union officers in charge?	mclellan
what did mclellan do?	he backed away
what did this do for the confederate army?	it gave them a huge strategic advantage
was this battle bloody at all?	yes, extremely
what advantages did the north have at the battle of antietam?	they had a lot more troops on the ground
if the northern troops were at an advantage, why did mclellan withdraw?	he was very cautious
what happened to mclellan after the battle?	he was replaced.
when was mclellan, again, placed back in command?	he wasn't
who replaced mclellan?	ambrose burnside
when does burnside face lee?	battle of fredericksburg
what happened at the battle of fredericksburg?	union troops marched right into trenced confederate forces with rifles and artillery.
were the union troops successful?	they are mowed down.
what were the casualties like?	union suffered 12 thousand casualties and confederacy suffered 6000 casualties
what did burnside do after the battle??	he retired
by the end of 1862, who was winning in the east?	there was a deadlock
by the end of 1862, who was winning in the west?	the union was advancing
what particular group of people wanted the war to stop and were attacking Lincoln?	many in the north, especially the democrats. they attacked lincoln, though he was though of as popular, and they demanded that the war be stopped, though the war was thought of as popular
what did these northern democrats want?	peace
northern democrats didn't understand why they hadn't already won the war.	true. they didnt understand why they couldn't win if they had such a huge population
they also didn't understnad why they hand't already won the war because ____________ .	of all of the advantages they had entered the war with
what kind of elections occurred in 1862?	congressional
which party won a bunch of seats in congress?	democrats
when did northern resources finally begin to make themselves felt?	end of 1862
what happened january 1, 1863?	lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation
the emanipation proclamation had a slight effect on the war.	false. it affected the war greatly
after the emanicpation proclamation, the war was no longer about __ . It became a war about __.	secession ; slavery
the emancipation proclamation freed all of the slaves.	false. it did not free any slaves in the north or the occupied territories
what did the emancipation proclamation state?	in any place under rebellion, slaves were free
lincoln had always planned to end slavery.	false. though it had been talked about for a long time, lincoln never had any intention of trying to end slavery. he did not want it to spread, though.
many notherners had an _________ feeling.	anti black
many black people had been coming to the north.	true
how long had they been coming to the north?	since the beginning of the war
what were the black people that came to the north called?	contraband of war
many of these black people were put to work by the northern army.	true.
the north needed increased morale; their morale was decreasing greatly. what fired them up again?	emanicpation proclamation
lincoln passed the emancipation proclamation because...	the northern troops needed to be fired up again, he had come under a lot of criticism, and he wanted to stress the fact that the war was over a moral cause
the emancipation proclamation declared a war on...	slavery
once the emancipation proclamarion was passed, the chance of britain or france coming into the war for either side was...	demolished.
why would britain or france no longer enter the war?	they did not agree with slavery and did not want to associate themselves with it in any way
what did england do after they realized the war was over slavery?	they halted all cotton imports
how did halting cotton imports affect the english economy?	it caused a slight depression, but they did not care. they were against slavery that much
britain began to get cotton from elsewhere.	true
where else did britain begin to import cotton from?	india and egypt
what else did lincoln say about black people after passing the emancipation proclamation?	black people would be allowed to come into the army
before lincoln released that statement, had black people been allowed to fight in the army?	no
black people didn't join the war/fight against slavery.	false. several hundred thousand black men fought on the side of the union during the war
what was the most famous black battle unit ?	massachusetts 54th regimen
where did it organize?	boston
who did the massachusetts 54ths regimen organize under?	gould shaw
gould shaw survived the war.	false. he is burried in a mass grave with his men.
both the confederate and union armies had to mobilize everyone they possibly could to fight.	true
why?	the war just would not stop. it wasnt ending
what idea does this support?	total war
when did the war end (what year)?	1865
at the end of the war in 1865, what was going on in congress?	an amendment was put into congress for the abolition of slavery
that amendment became the __ amendment to the constitution.	13th
this amendment was the first _____ amendment?	reconstruction
the amendment went out to the states. when did it become a part of the constitution?	december 15, 1865
the move toward the abolition of slavery was started by what?	the emancipation proclamation
the war started about ______, ________, and _____, but the idea of _____ was always behind it.	states' rights, secession, keeping the union whole, slavery
dby the end of the war, the only cause in fighting for the war was to either support or end ____.	slavery
by the beginning of 1865, the end of the war ws beginning to loom for the ______ army.	confederate
what really wore the confederate army down?	the resources of the northern army
there was a new ___ commander in 1863.	union
his name was:	Joseph Hooker
what was he known as?	fighting joe
he was a much better general than burnside.	false. he was not any better than burnside
the lost at what battle?	chancellorsville in may 1863
how many men did he have?	130,000
his army was the largest army america had put together down to that time.	true
he had a huge advantage over the confederate army with his large mass of troops	true
who did general lee use to attack the union's exposed flank?	jackson
what flank was exposed ?	right
where did the battle of chancellorsville take place?	wilderness/the wooded area
the was the last important confederate victory.	false. it was lee's last important victory
lee won the battle by	outmaneuvering the union army
what southern tragedy occurred at the battle of chancellorsville?	jackson was killed by one of his own men.
who returned in the west?	grant
where was grant headed?	vicksburg
does grant get vicksburg?	yes
what was grant's nickname from this battle?	the lion of vicksburg
the battle of vicksburg was a victory for....	the union. it was a big union victory in the west
though the south was winning victories, ......	they couldnt afford to lose the weaponry or the lead that they were continually losing. they couldnt replace the men or the materials they had been losing.
in june 1863, lee takes his troops where?	he took them into the north, again looking for a victory on union territory
what did this lead to ?	battle of gettysburg
the battle of gettysburg was a victory for who?	union
how did the battle of gettysburg affect the confederacy?	it was a loss that really broke their back
the battle of gettysburg was...	the turning point of the war

Created by: Leelanicole28

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: