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US HIstory Ch 9
US HIstory Cedar Park Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did social welfare reformers work to do? | soften the conditions of industrialization. |
| What did social gospel and settlement houses movements in the 1800s do? | aimed to help the poor, community centers, churches and social services |
| What did the YMCA do? | opened libraries |
| What did the Salvation Army do? | fed poor people, cared for children in nurseries. |
| Florence Kelley | was an advocate for improving the lives of women and children |
| Prohibition | means no drinking, program to improve morals |
| Promoting moral improvement | some reformers thought being moral would improve the life of poor people |
| Woman's Christian Temperance union (WTCU) | they spearheaded the crusade for prohibition |
| muckrakers | journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines |
| History of Standard Oil | a monthly serial written by Ida M. Tarbell described the company's cutthroat methods of eliminating competition |
| taylorism | a management fad that applied scientific management studies. |
| What did the introduction of the assembly line do? | speed up production, people had to work like machines- this caused a higher worker turnover often due to injuries suffered by fatigued workers. |
| What did progressive leaders put their faith in? | expert and scientific principles to make society and the workplace more efficient |
| Reform Governors | under the progressive republican leadership of Robert M. La Follette Wisconsin led the way in regulating big business |
| Protecting working children | the number of child workers rose dramatically, reformers worked to end child labor. businesses hired children because they would work for less money and could handle small parts |
| efforts to limit working hours | the supreme court ruled in favor of an Oregon law limiting women to 10 hour workday. Progressives also succeeded in winning workers' compensation |
| Reforming Elections had three main parts | 1. initiative 2. referendum 3. recall |
| what is initiative? | a procedure by which a legislative measure can be originated by the people |
| what is referendum? | a procedure by which a proposed law |
| what is recall? | a procedure for removing a public official from office by vote of people |
| Before 1913 how were US senators elected? who did this put the power in the hands of? | the state legislature chose it's own US senators. This put the power in the hands of party bosses and wealthy corporations |
| 17th amendment | made the direct election of senators the law of the land |
| At the turn of the century how many women had jobs? | 2/5 or 20 percent held jobs |
| what type of positions did women hold? How much pay compared to men? | least skilled jobs only getting 1/2 as much pay as males |
| What is domestic work and who did it? | many women without formal education or industrial skills did domestic work such as cleaning for other families |
| What event caused women to get envolved in Industrial reform? | When 146 people died at the triangle shirtwaist factory |
| What factors caused women to get involved in industrial reform? | dangerous conditions, lower wages and long hours |
| Women in higher education | the women who were active in public life had attended new women colleges. Now marriage is not the only option for women in the late 1800's |
| Four Goals of Progressivism | 1. Protecting social welfare 2. Promoting moral improvement 3. Creating economic reform 4. Fostering Efficiency |
| Were women allowed to vote or hold office at this time? | no |
| what did women work on? | improving conditions at work and home |
| what happened after the Seneca Falls convention of 1848 | women split over the 14th and 15th amendments |
| Who founded the NWSA? | In 1869 Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded it |
| Three part strategy for suffrage | convince state legislators to grant women the right to vote. 2. women pursued court cases to test the 14th amendment 3. women pushed for a national constitution amendment to grant women the vote. the next 41 years women lobbied to have it reintroduced |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| Upton sinclair | focused on human condition in the stock-yards of Chicago. Wrote book called the Jungle about the sickening conditions in the meatpacking industry |
| Why did Theodore Roosevelt end up being president | McKinley was assassinated 6 months into his term |
| Roosevelts past | born into a wealthy family, had asthma, seved three terms in teh NY state assembly, NY police commissioner, assistant secretary of the US Navy, governor of NY |
| Rough Riders | volunteer calvary brigade Roosevelt was involved with |
| Roosevelt's presidency | 42 years old, leadership and publicity campaigns helped creat the modern presidency model that future presidents would use |
| bulley pulpit | roosevelt felt the presidency could influence news media and shape legislation |
| Square Deal | Roosevel'ts program that described his reforms for the people |
| Trustbusting | by 1900 trusts controlled about 4/5 of the industries in the US. The Sherman anti-trust act was too vague and enforcement was difficult. Sherman sought to curb the actions of those that hurt the public interest |
| 1902 Coal Strike | 140,000 coal miners in PA went on strile demanding 20% raise, 9 hour work day, and right to organize a union. The mine refused. coal reserves ran low, went on for 5 months. Roosevelt had them to the white house and settled the strike. |
| Why is coal important? | heat, transportation (strike threatened public welfare the federal government intervenes) |
| Railroad Regulation | The ICC(Interstate commerce commission was set up to enforce the ICA ( Interstate commerce Act) but had little power. |
| Hepburn Act of 1906 | gave the ICC power and its passage boosted the government's power to regulate the RR. |
| Regulating food and drugs by Roosevelt | after reading the jungle, Roosevelt appointed a commission to investigate the meatpacking industry. He pushed for passage of the meat inspection act. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | before regulation products said they could cure cancer and grow hair. medicine contained opium, cocaine and alcohol. This act put an end to this in 1906. |
| Conservation and Natural resources | Roosevelt cared and started the federal govt. paying attention to these things. |
| What did Roosevelt do for conservation? | set aside 148 million acres of forest reserve, 1.5 million acres of water power sites, 80 million acres of land for the US Geological survey, 50 bird sanctuaries , 7 national parks |
| Gifford Pinchot | an expert conservationist appointed by Roosevelt to be the head of the US forest service, believed wilderness could be scientifically managed |
| roosevelt did not support what for african americans? | civil rights for african americans |
| Booker T. Washington | invited to white house for dinner by Roosevelt, head of Tuskegee institute, blamed black poverty on blacks, accomodated segretationalists |
| E B DuBois | demanded immediate social and economic economic equality for African Americans |
| 1905 Civil Rights conference in Niagra Falls | held by Du Bois, and in 1909 formed the NAACP, attempting to get full equality |
| NAACP | aimed for full equality among races |
| Taft | pursued progressive agenda, busted 90 trusts, not very popular as president, campaigned on a platform of lower tariffs |
| Payne-Aldrich Tariff | signed into law by Taft |
| Republican Party split | republican conservatives and progressives split. by midterm elections of 1910 the party was in a shambles |
| Bull-Moose Party | the party that Theodore Roosevelt ran for president for a 3rd term- Taft was the incumbent |
| what did Roosevelt do after leaving the presidential office? | went to Africa to shoot big game |
| Why was it called the Bull-Moose party? | because theodore roosevelt boasted he was strong as a bull moose |
| What did the Bull-Moose Party platform call for? | direct elections of senators, women's suffrage, workmen's compensation, 8 hour work day, minimum wage for women, federal law against child labor and a federal trade commission to regulate business |
| Democrats won the presidential election in what year? | 1912 |
| Woodrow Wilson | Democratic nominee who endorsed a progressive platform called New Freedom, became president |
| New Freedom | stronger antitrust regulation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs |
| How did Wilson win? | only got 42% of the popular vote, but won an overwhelming electoral vote |
| Who came in 2nd and 3rd? | Roosevelt came in 2nd place and Taft came in 3rd place |
| Wilson's background | grew up in the South during the civil war and reconstruction, worked as a lawyer, history professor and later president of Princeton University. elected governor of New Jersey. Enacted the NEW Freedom |
| Triple wall of privilege | trusts, tariffs and high finance (who Wilson targeted) |
| What were the two key anti-trust measures enacted during Wilson's administration? | The Clayton Anti-trust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act |
| Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 | sought to strengthen the Sherman antitrust act. made it illegal for a company to acquire stock of another if doing so would create a monopoly. |
| Federal Trade Commission Act | set up the FTC, under Wilson 400 cease and deist orders to companies engaged in illegal activity were issued |
| Federal Income Tax | with lower tariff rates, the federal government had to replace the revenue the government had previously supplied. |
| 16th Amendment | legalized a graduated income tax, which provided revenue by taxing individual earnings and corporate profits. |
| Which way did the government receive more money? tariffs or income tax? | By 1917 the government received more money on income tax |
| Federal Reserve System | Wilson's plan to quickly adjust the amount of money in circulation was to establish a decentralized private banking system under federal control |
| Federal Reserve Act | divided the nation into 12 districts. These banker banks then served other banks in its district. |
| What percent of the nation's banks were part of the Federal Reserve System by 1923? | 70 percent |
| Who was president of the NAWSA (National Association of Women's Suffrage Association) | Susan B. Anthony |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | president of NAWSA after Susan B. Anthony |
| 5 Tactics of Carrie Chapman Catt | 1. painstaking organization 2. close ties between local, state, and national workers 3. establishing a wide base of support 4. cautious lobbying and 5 gracious lady-like behavior |
| What did Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson have in common regarding civil rights? | They all retreated on civil rights once in office. promised things to blacks that they didn't follow through with |
| Example of Wilson not following through on civil rights | before the election he promised the NAACP to treat blacks equally and speak out against lunching. Once he was president he opposed federal lynching legislation, |
| What distracted Americans and caused reforms to stall? | WWI |
| Who was president during WW! | Wilson was president and it was during his 2nd term |
| When did the Progressive Era end? | At the start of WW1 |
| What is a graduated income tax? | people who make more money are taxed more, so you are taxed according to how much money you make |
Created by:
murphy1717