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DAMMIT SCIENCE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| all living and nonliving things that interact in an area | ecosystem |
| needs that are met by an organisms surroundings | food, water, shelter, grow, reproduce |
| place where an organism lives and provides things an organism needs | habitat |
| biotic factors | lving part of an ecosystem |
| 4 biotic factors in an ecosystem | plants, animals, bacteria, fungi |
| abiotic factors | nonliving parts of an ecosystem |
| how are water and sunlight two abiotic factors that are important to all organisms | all organisms need water. plants need water and sunlight to produce food during photosynthesis |
| how do biotic and abiotic differ | biotic-living abiotic- nonliving |
| what are species | a group of organisms that are physically similar and can reproduce and produce fertile offspring |
| what makes up a community | all different populations that live together in an area |
| dominated by trees that lose their leaves, such as maple and birch | temperate deciduous forest |
| found in the tropical regions of africa, australia, and south america | savanna |
| common plants are mosses and grasses | tundra |
| many birds, snakes, and primates are found in trees | tropical rain forest |
| how are a pond and a lake similar/different | *both freshwater ecosystems *both have major producers as floating algae *ponds are shallower than lakes so sunlike can reach the bottom |
| what adaptations do fish have that allow them to live in water | gills for breathing oxygen in water, fins, tails, and scales for insulation and protection |
| where are coral reefs found | the shallow sunny waters of the neiritic zone |
| what are the levels of organization within an ecoststem | organism-populaton-community-ecosystem |
| the study of how living things interact with each other | ecology |
| what is a primary successon | occurs where there is no ecosystem that exist; occurs in rocks, cliffs, and sand dunes |
| 4 ways that primary succession can begin | 1. very slow 2. where there is no soil 3. takes several hundred years to produce fertile soil naturally 4. first species to colonize on bare rocks= lichen |
| fertile soil | made up of broken rocks, decayed organisms, water, and air |
| lichen | composed of algae and fungi |
| 4 ways secondary succession can occur | 1. more common 2. occurs on surfaces where ecosystem has been disrupted by humans, animals, or natural proccesses such as storms, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes 3. soil exist 4. shorter time to form |
| example when secondary succession occured | mt st helen eruption |
| three types of symbiosis | commensalism, mutualism, parasitism |
| commensalism | relationship where one benefits and other is unaffected |
| parasitism | one organism (usually smaller; parasite) benefits and other (host) is harmed |
| mutualism | both species benefit the interaction |
| flowers-- bees | mutualism |
| clown fish-- sea anemone | commensalism |
| kudzu vines growing on trees | commensalism |
| tapeworms inside dogs intestine | parasitism |
| mosquitios feeding on human blood | parasitism |
| owl living in hollow hole in tree | commensalism |
| orchid plant living between tree branch | commensalism |
| barnacles attach to whale flipper | parasitism |
| ticks/fleas living in dog's fur | parasitism |
| tomato hornworm with wasp eggs | parasitism |
| birds and mammals eat berries and fruit | mutualism |
| algae and fungi---lichen | mutualism |
| cows, horses, rabbits depend on bacteria in stomach | mutualism |
| algae--coral | mutualism |
| predation | one eats another (herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat animals) |
| greatest diversity of all land biomes | tropical rain forest |
| large trees are prevented from growing due to permafrost | tundra |
| called prairies in north america | grasslands |
| plants grow in layers and tall trees create a canopy | tropical rain forest |
| kangaroo rats in this biome extract water from food instead of drinking it because precipitation is scarce | desert |
| many species decrease activity to conserve energy during cold winters | coniferous forest |
| found mostly around the mediterranean sea | chaparral |
| droughts, grazing and fires prevent the growth of woody shrubs and tall trees | grasslands |
| fires are common and the seeds of some plants will only germinate in the heat following a fire | chaparral |
| found in the arctic circle | tundra |
| cone shape of trees protect branches from snow buildup | coniferous forest |
| process of ecological change in which a series of natural communiteies are established and then replaced over time | ecological succession |
| plants or communities that are first to be established in an area previously empty of life | pioneer species |
| plant species with short life spans that devote most of their energy to producing seeds | oppurtunist species |
| a relatively stable community that is environmentally balanced | climax community |
| most common pioneer plants | lichens/mosses |
| most common pioneer plants in secondary | annual weeds (grass/crab grass) |
Created by:
traina:)