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Science Chapter 2
Lesson 1 & 2 Rocks & Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition | mineral |
| Name the characteristics of minerals | naturally occurring, can form by inorganic processes, solid, crystal structure, definite chemical composition (never can say cities die) |
| All minerals are substances that are formed by natural processes. | Naturally Occurring |
| A mineral is always a solid with a definite volume and shape | Solid |
| The repeating pattern of a mineral's particles forms a solid called a crystal | Crystal Structure |
| Every mineral must be able to form from materials that were not a part of living things. | Forms by Inorganic Processes |
| A mineral always contains certain elements in definite proportions | Definite Chemical Compositions |
| Name the characteristic properties that can be used to identify a mineral. | Color, Streak, Luster, Hardness, Density Can Suzy Like Happy Days? |
| Only a few minerals have their own characteristic of this. | Color |
| This is the color of a mineral's powder. This and the mineral's color are often different. | Streak |
| The term used to describe how light is reflected from the mineral's surface. | Luster (metallic, silky, waxy, greasy, pearly) |
| This is used to rank the hardness of minerals. | Mohs hardness scale |
| How is hardness determined? | scratch test |
| This is one of the most valuable clues to use in identifying a mineral. | Hardness |
| Who created it and when was the hardness scale invented? | Austrian Friedrich Mohs a mineral expert in 1812 |
| To measure this mineral characteristic, geologists use a balance to determine the precise mass of the mineral. | Density |
| What is density? | The mass in a given space or mass per unit volume. Density remains the same no matter what the size of the mineral sample. |
| How do you figure out density? | Density=Mass _______ Volume |
| Name Mohs Hardness scale softest to hardest 1-10 | Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Fluorite, Apatite, Feldspar, Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, Diamond Thomissa Got Cake From A Farmer Quite Taller Called Doak |
| A mineral splits easily along flat surfaces has the property called.... | cleavage |
| This describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way | fracture |
| a rounded hollow rock that is often lined with a mineral crystals | geode |
| The process by which atoms are arranged to a form a material that has crystal structure. | crystallization |
| What three ways can minerals form? | Organic processes, crystallization from materials dissolved in solutions, mineral crystallization as magma and lava cool. |
| How does a geode form? | 1st a crack or hollow forms in a rock, 2nd crystals form inside a geode when water combined with dissolved minerals seeps inside the crack, 3rd water evaporates and crystallization occurs lining the inside with large crystals, Last the geode is complete |
| Explain organic processes (some) | ocean animals such as clams and corals produce shells and skeletons made out of the mineral calcite. |
| Explain minerals from solutions | huge selenite crystals form from solution of hot water that cools underground or others form from evaporation like the gypsum "rose" |
| Explain minerals from magma/lava | hot magma cools to a solid state and forms crystals: slow cooling leads to larger crystals and fast cooling leads to smaller crystals |
| Geologist do what to study a rock sample? | Observe the rock's mineral composition, color, texture |
| How many minerals make up most of the rocks of the Earth's crust? | 20 |
| What makes some granite have a light color? | high silica content (rich in silicon and oxygen) |
| What provides clues to a rocks mineral composition? | color |
| Basalt is a dark rock with mineral crystals. Can we see them? | not with the naked eye! |
| What gives the rock texture? | grains |
| What is the look for feel of a rock called? | texture |
| What do geologists use to determine a rock's texture? | size, shape and pattern of grains |
| What are the grain sizes? | fine, coarse, non-visible |
| What are the grain shapes? | rounded, jagged |
| What is are the grain patterns? | nonbanded and banded |
| What are banded grains? | lie in a pattern of flat layers or can form swirls or colored bands |
| What are nonbanded grains? | grains do not lie in a visible pattern |
| What can change the rocks pattern? | very high pressure |
| What is the rocks origin? | the way it is formed |
| What are the three major groups of rocks? | Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary |
| How do igneous rocks form? | forms from cooling of magma or lava; magma hardens underground to form rock, lava erupts, cools and hardens to form rock on Earth's surface |
| How do metamorphic rocks form? | forms when a rock is changed by heat or pressure, or by a chemical change reactions; they form deep underground. |
| How do sedimentary rocks form? | forms when small particles of rocks or remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together; form in layers that are buried below the surface. |
Created by:
Isabel Wallwork