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Chapter 6 vocab
Biology Chapter 6 vocabulary words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | building blocks of matter |
| compound | a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine |
| covalent bond | chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared |
| electron | negatively charged particles in the nucleus |
| element | pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means |
| ion | an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons and carries an electric charge |
| ionic bond | in electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups or atoms called ions |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| molecule | a compound in which atoms are held together by covalent bonds |
| neutron | particles with no charge in the nucleus |
| nucleus | center of the atom which holds protons and nuetrons |
| proton | positively charged particles in the nucleus |
| van der Waals force | attractions between molecules from the negative and positive regions pull on them and hold them together |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy needed for reactant to form products in a chemical reaction |
| active site | specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme |
| catalyst | substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| chemical reaction | atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances |
| enzyme | special proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes |
| product | substances formed during the reaction |
| reactant | the starting substances |
| substrate | reactants that bind to the enzyme |
| acid | substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved into water |
| base | substances that release hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water |
| buffer | mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range |
| hydrogen bond | weak interaction involving hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen atom |
| mixture | combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties |
| pH | the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution |
| polar molecule | molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in the solvent |
| solution | when a mixture has a uniform composition throughout and is a homogeneous mixture |
| solvent | substance in which another substance is dissolved |
| amino acid | small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sometimes sulfur sharing the same general structure |
| carbohydrate | compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom |
| lipids | molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes |
| macromolecules | large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| nucleic acid | complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information and are made of smaller repeating sub units composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms |
| nucleotide | made of smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms |
| polymer | molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers that are linked together by a series of covalent bonds |
| protein | a compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids |
Created by:
montserrat lejarazu