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Chapter 2 Vocab
Cell Structure and Function
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| microscope | tool that makes things look larger than they really are |
| lens | piece of curved glass or other clear material that causes light rays to come together or spread apart as they pass through |
| cell | basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| cell membrane | thin structure that surrounds the cell |
| cytoplasm | gel-like substance inside the cell where most of the cell's activities take place |
| nucleus | control center of a cell |
| nuclear membrane | thin structure that surrounds and protects the nucleus |
| organelle | small structure in the cytoplasm that does a special job |
| mitochondrion | structure that releases energy for a cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum | small network of tubes inside a cell that substances move along |
| ribosome | small, round structure that makes proteins |
| Golgi body | organelle that packages and sends materials to other places in the cell |
| vacuole | space in the cytoplasm that stores the different substances a cell needs to survive |
| lysosome | small, round structure that breaks down nutrient molecules and old cell parts |
| cell wall | thick outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plants and some simple organisms |
| cellulose | carbohydrate, made up of many sugar molecules, that forms most of the cell wall of a plant cell |
| chloroplast | organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll |
| chlorophyll | green material in chloroplasts that is needed by plants to make food |
| unicellular | containing only one cell |
| multicellular | containing more than one cell |
| pseudopod | fingerlike extension of the cytoplasm |
| guard cell | cell that controls the size of a stoma |
| stoma | tiny openings in the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf |
| diffusion | movement of material from an area where molecules are crowded to an area where they are less crowded |
| passive transport | movement of materials through a membrane without the use of energy |
| osmosis | movement of water through a membrane |
| active transport | movement of materials through a membrane using energy |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| photosynthesis | food-making process in plants and other organisms that uses sunlight |
| glucose | a simple type of sugar |
| fermentation | process by which a cell releases energy from food without using oxygen |
| chromosomes | cell parts that determine what traits a living thing will have |
| chromatin | threadlike material that makes up a chromosome |
| mitosis | division of the nucleus |
| daughter cell | new cell produced by cell division |
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angel_of_darkness13
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