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Basic Waves
foundation GCSE and iGCSE waves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A TRANSVERSE wave has vibrations that | are at right angles to the direction of travel of the wave. |
| You find crests and troughs in a | transverse wave |
| A LONGITUDINAL (or compression) wave has vibrations that | are parallel to the direction of travel of the wave. |
| You find compressions and rarefactions in a | longitudinal wave. |
| One noisy example of a longitudinal wave is | sound. |
| One wet example of a transverse wave is | surface water waves. |
| Frequency is defined as | the number of vibrations (or waves) per second. |
| The unit of frequency is | Hertz (Hz) |
| Speed is defined as | distance travelled per second. |
| Units for speed could be | metres per second or cm/s |
| Wavelength is the distance from crest to | crest. |
| The symbol for wavelength is the Greek letter called | lambda (= lower case L) |
| The wave equation is velocity (or speed) = | frequency times wavelength. |
| We can calculate frequency from | velocity (or speed) divided by wavelength. |
| Take speed of sound = 300 m/s. If it is 5 seconds between seeing lightning and hearing thunder, then the distance away is | speed times time = 1500 metres. |
| If a water wave has a frequency of 6 Hz, and a wavelength of 2 cm, its speed is | 12 cm/s |
| If a sound wave in water travels at 1000 m/s and its frequency is 2000 Hz then its wavelength is | 0.5 m |
| Lowest frequency for normal human hearing = | 20 Hz |
| Highest frequency for normal human hearing = | 20 000 Hz = 20 kiloHertz |
| Sound with frequency greater than 20 kHz is called | ultrasound |
| Sound with frequency lower than 20 Hz is called | infrasound |
| Speeds greater than the speed of sound are called | supersonic. |
| Echo is a word for | sound reflection. |
| Sonar is a system that uses sound reflections to measure | distance. |
| If sound in seawater travels at 1000 m/s and a pulse takes 5 seconds to return from the sea bottom the depth is | 2500 m (remember it goes there and back) |
| Ultrasound scans use ultrasound because it has a small | wavelength. |
| Dish shaped (inside of dish!) reflectors are called | concave. |
| Refraction is change of direction because of | change of speed. |
| Name for wave spreading out as it goes through gap is | diffraction. |
| If the gap is wide compared with wavelength then the amount of diffraction is | small. |
| Sound diffracts through doorways, light doesn't because | wavelength of sound is much larger than wavelength of light. |
| We ignore the time for the light to travel compared with the sound because | light travels a million times faster than sound. |
| You can't hear sound on the Moon because | there is no air on the Moon. |
| Does a water wave travel more slowly or faster in more shallow water? | more slowly. |
| What causes a wave? | vibrations |
Created by:
waslancing
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