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RHIT EXAM
PART 4 (Q-R)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| RXNORM | A clinical drug nomenclature developed by the Food and Drug Administration, the DVA, and HL7 to provide standard names for clinical drugs and administered dose forms |
| Relative weight (RW) | Assigned weight that reflects the relative resource consumption associated with a payment classification or group; higher payments are associated with higher relative weights |
| Relative value unit (RVU) | A number assigned to a procedure that describes its difficulty and expense in relationship to other procedures by assigning weights to such factors as personnel, time, and level of skill; |
| Relative value scale (RVS) | System designed to permit comparisons of the resources needed or appropriate prices for various units of service, taking into account labor, skill, supplies, equipment, space and other costs for each procedure or service; specifically refers to relative p |
| Rural area aka core-based statistical area (CBSA); metropolitan statistical area (MSA) | Geographic area outside an urban area and its constituent counties or count equivalents. Any area not designated as a metropolitan statistical area for the purposes of case-mix index sets and wage index adjustments to federal Medicare reimbursement rate |
| Run chart | A type of graph that shows data points collected over time and identifies emerging trends or patterns. |
| Rules engine | A computer program that applies sophisticated mathematical models to data that generate alerts and reminders to support healthcare decision making |
| Rules and regulations aka bylaws | Operating documents that describe the rules and regulations under which a healthcare organization operates |
| Rule induction aka association rule analysis | The process of extracting useful if/then rules from data based on statistical significance |
| Resource Utilization Group Version III (RUG-III) | A case-mix-adjusted classification system based on Minimum Data Set assessments and used by skilled nursing facilities |
| Rubric | A category; in ICPC, the two digits following the first character of an ICPC code and representing the second axis, component |
| Respiratory therapy (RT) | Services provided by a qualified professional for assessment, treatment, and monitoring of patients with deficiencies or abnormalities of pulmonary function |
| Relative risk (RR) | A ratio that compares the risk of disease between two groups |
| Row/record | A set of columns or a collection of related data items in a table |
| Router | A device that attaches multiple networks and routes packets between the networks using software |
| Review of systems (ROS) | A uniform system of performing an inventory of body systems through a series of questions seeking to identify signs and/or symptoms the patient may be experiencing or has experienced |
| Root operation | The third character of an ICD-10-PCS code that defines the objective of the procedure |
| Root concept | A single special concept that represents the root of the entire content in SNOMED CT |
| Root-cause analysis | A technique used in performance improvement initiatives to discover the underlying causes of a problem. Analysis of a sentinel event from all aspects (human, procedural, machinery, material) to identify how each contributed to the occurrence of the event |
| Risk of mortality (ROM) | The likelihood of an inpatient death for a patient |
| Roles and responsibilities | The definition of who does what on a project and the hierarchy for decision making |
| Role theory | Thinking that attempts to explain how people adopt specific roles, including leadership roles |
| Role playing | A training method in which participants are required to respond to specific problems they may actually encounter in their jobs. |
| Role-based access control (RBAC) | A control system in which access decisions are based on the roles of individual users as part of an organization. |
| Relational online analytical processing (ROLAP) | A data access methodology that provides users with various drill-down and business analysis capabilities similar to online analytical processing |
| Release of information (ROI) | The process of disclosing patient-identifiable information from the health record to another party |
| Return on investment (ROI) | The financial analysis of the extent of value a major purchase will provide |
| Return on equity (ROE) | A more comprehensive measurement of a profitability that takes into consideration the organization's net value |
| Registered nurse (RN) | A graduate nurse who has passed a national licensing examination |
| Regenstrief medical records system (RMRS) | One of the nation's first electronic medical record systems and the keystone of Regenstrief Institute activities |
| Risk management (RM) | A comprehensive program of activities intended to minimize the potential for injuries to occur in a facility and to anticipate and respond to ensuring liabilities for those injuries that do occur. The processes in place to identify, evaluate, and control |
| Record locator service (RLS) | A service that indicates where a given patient may have health information, using probability equations |
| Risk treatment | The application of risk control and risk financing techniques to determine how a risk should be treated, often aimed at preventing or reducing or reducing the chances and/or effects of a loss occurrence |
| Risk-transfer mechanism | A mechanism whereby risk is passed from a regulated insurer to a quasi-regulated, regulated, or nonregulated provider |
| Risk sharing agreement | An agreement in which a vendor assumes at least part of the responsibility, from a financial perspective, for a successful computer system implementation |
| Risk prevention | One component of a successful risk management program |
| Risk pool | Distribution of risk among a larger group of persons (insured). This group of persons have similar risks of loss |
| Risk financing | Methods used to pay for the costs associated with claims and other expenses; most commonly, liability insurance |
| Risk exposure or identification | A systematic means of identifying potential losses, which requires an understanding of the facility's business, legal, organizational, and clinical component |
| Risk evaluation | The final step in the risk management process, which involves evaluating each piece of the process in order to determine whether objectives are being met. |
| Risk corridors | Established by the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 for prescription drug plans and Medicare Advantage drug plans to help keep payments in line with actual costs while giving plans an incentive to control these costs. |
| Risk analysis aka risk assessment | The process of identify possible security threats to the organization's data and identifying which risks should be proactively addressed and which risks are lower in priority |
| Risk adjustment | Any method of comparing the severity of illness of one group of patients with that of another group of patients. Case-mix adjustment, severity of illness adjustment |
| Risk | The probability of incurring injury or loss. The probable amount of loss foreseen by an insurer in issuing a contract. A formal insurance term denoting liability to compensate individuals for injuries sustained in a healthcare facility |
| Rip-and-replace | An information technology acquisition strategy in which older technology is replaced with new technology |
| Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) | A confirmatory blood test that is used to detect HIV infection. It is used when HIV antibody levels are very low or difficult to detect |
| Right-to-work laws | Federal legislation dealing with labor rights (ex Workers' compensation, child labor, and minimum wage law) |
| Rider | Document added to a healthcare insurance policy that provides details about coverage or lack of coverage for special situations that are not usually included in standard policies; may function as an exclusion or limitation |
| Rehabilitation impairment category (RIC) | Clusters of impairment group codes (IGCs) that represent similar impairments and diagnoses. The larger umbrella division within the inpatient rehabilitation facility prospective payment system (IRF PPS). Due to this the case-mix group (CMGs) are determine |
| Registered health information technician (RHIT) | A type of certification granted after completion of an AHIMA-accredited two-year program in health information management and a credentialing examination |
| Regional health information organization (RHIO) | A heath information organization that brings together-healthcare stakeholders within a defined geographic area and governs health information exchange among them for the purpose of improving health and care in the community |
| Regional health information network (RHIN) | System that links various healthcare information systems in a region together so that patients, healthcare institutions, and other entities can share clinical information |
| Registered health information administrator (RHIA) | A type of certification granted after completion of an AHIMA-accredited four-year program in health information management and a credentialing examination |
| Regional home health intermediaries (RHHI) | Private companies that contract with Medicare to pay home health bills and check on the quality of home healthcare |
| Request for proposal (RFP) aka request for application | A type of business correspondence asking for very specific product and contract information that is often sent to a narrow list of vendors that have been preselected after a review of requests for information during the design phase of the systems develop |
| Radio frequency identification (RFID) | An automatic recognition technology that uses a device attached to an object to transmit data to a receiver and does not require direct contact |
| Request for information (RFI) | A written communication often sent to a comprehensive list of vendors during the design phase of the systems development life cycle to ask for general product information |
| Reasons for encounter (RFE) | In the international classification of primary care (ICPC) system, the subjective experience by the patient of the problem |
| Rewarding stage | In performance management, the fifth of five stages during which individual employees are rewarded for exceptional achievement |
| Revocation | The act of withdrawing an authorization or permission that was previously granted as in the case of consents or authorizations to disclose information or requesting restrictions. |
| Revision | Correcting to the extent possible, a malfunctioning or displaced device. Can include correcting a malfunctioning device by taking out and/or putting in part but not all of the device. Correction or alteration of the health record. |
| Reverse mentoring | The opposite of the usual coaching process where the younger goes to the older instructor |
| Revenues | The charges generated from providing healthcare services, earned and measurable income |
| Revenue cycle management | The supervision of all administrative and clinical functions that contribute to the capture, management, and collection of patient service revenue, with the goals of accelerated cash flow and lowered accounts receivable. |
| Revenue cycle | The process of how patient financial & health information moves into through and out of the healthcare facility, culminating with the facility receiving reimbursement for services provided. The regularly repeating set of events that produces revenue |
| Revenue code | A 3 or 4 digit number in the chargemaster that totals all items and their charges for printing on the form used for Medicare billing. |
| Revenue | The charges generated from providing healthcare services earned and measurable income. |
| Revenge effects | Unintended and typically negative consequences of a change in technology. |
| Return on assets (ROA) | The return on a company's investment, or earnings, after taxes divided by total assets. |
| Return | The increase in value of an investment |
| Retrospective utilization review | A review of records some time after the patient's discharge or date of service to determine any of several issues, including the quality or appropriateness of the care provided. |
| Retrospective study | A type of research conducted by reviewing records from the past (ex birth & death certificates, health record) or by obtaining information about past events through surveys or interviews |
| Retrospective review | The part of the utilization review process that concentrates on a review of clinical information following patient discharge |
| Retrospective payment system aka retrospective payment method | Type of fee-for-service reimbursement in which providers receive recompense after health services have been rendered |
| Retrospective coding | A type of coding that takes place after the patient has been discharged and the entire health record has been routed to the health information management department |
| Retrospective | A type of time frame that looks back in time |
| Retrograde | Moving backward, against the normal flow |
| Retrievability | Efficiently finding relevant information |
| Retraction | The act of correcting information that was inaccurate, invalid, or made in error preventing its display or finding the entry or documentation |
| Retinal detachment | The separation of two layers of the retina from each other which usually occurs when the vitreous adheres to the retina (the sensitive layer of the eye) and 'pull' resulting in retinal holds that tear that may lead to retinal detachment |
| Retention schedules | A time line for various records retention based on factors such as federal and state law, statutes of limitations, age of patient, competency of patient, accreditation standards, AHIMA recommendations, and operational needs |
| Retention policy | A policy that establishes how long the healthcare facility should keep health records, the medium in which the information will be kept, & where the records will be located and retrieved. Types of information retained may vary by state & accrediting body |
| Retention | Mechanisms for storing records, providing for timely retrieval, and establishing the length of times that various types of records will be retained by the healthcare organization. The ability to keep valuable employees from seeking employment elsewhere. |
| Retaliation and waiver | Rights protected under the Privacy Rule, to ensure the integrity of individuals' right to complain about alleged Privacy Rule violations, covered entities are expressly prohibited from retaliating against anyone who exercise his righst under the Privacy R |
| Retained earnings | Undistributed profits from a for-profit organization that stay in the business |
| Results retrieval | A lookup system that enables a user to access several different types of data from different source systems through a single application screen |
| Results management aka results management systems | Results retrieval technology that permits viewing of data by type and manipulation of several different types of data |
| Resubmittal aka rebill | The process of sending a corrected, or now complete, claim to an insurance company for reconsideration of the original payment or denial |
| Restriction | Partially closing an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part. Coded when the objective of the procedure is to narrow the diameter of a tubular body part or orifice ICD-10-PCS |
| Restraints and seclusion | Ways of managing behavior; the right of patients to be free from non-medically necessary restraints and seclusion is protected under the Medicare Conditions of Participation |
| Restorative nursing care | Care that incorporates resident-specific programs that restore and preserve function to assist the resident in maximizing functional independence and achieving a satisfactory quality of life. |
| Restitution | The act of returning something to its rightful owner, of making good or giving something equivalent for any loss damage or injury |
| Responsibility center | A department as a whole, headed by an individual who is responsible for operation. |
| Responsibility | The accountability required as part of a job, such as supervising work performed by others or managing assets or funds. |
| Respite care | A type of short-term care provided during the day or overnight to individuals in the home or institution to temporarily relieve the family home caregiver. |
| Respect for Persons | The principle that all people are presumed to be free and responsible and should be treated accordingly |
| Resources | The labor, equipment, or materials needed to complete a project |
| Resource intensity | The relative volume and types of diagnostic, therapeutic, and bed services used in the management of a particular illness. |
| Resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) | A Medicare reimbursement system implemented in 1992, to compensate physicians according to a fee schedule predicated on weights assigned on the basis of the resources required to provide the services. |
| Resident's right to access | A term encompassing the mechanisms in place to allow residents to review their own health information. |
| Resident record | A term frequently used in long-term care in lieu of health record |
| Residential care | Services including board and lodging, provided in a protective environment but with minimal supervision to residents who are not in an acute phrase of illness and would be capable of self-preservation during an emergency |
| Residential arrangement | The situation in which an individual lives on a regular basis-owns a home or apartment, resides in a facility where health, disability, or aging-related services or supervision are available; resides in another residential setting where no services are pr |
| Resident classification system | A system for classifying skilled nursing facility residents into mutually exclusive groups based on clinical, functional and resource-based criteria |
| Resident care facility for the elderly (RCFE) | A residential facility that provides room, board, housekeeping, supervision, and personal care assistance for persons who are unable to live by themselves but who do not need 24-hour nursing care. |
| Resident care facility | A facility that provides accommodations, supervision, and personal care services for those who are dependent on services of others due to age or physical or mental impairment. |
| Resident Assessment Validation and Entry (RAVEN) | A type of data-entry software developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for long-term care facilities and used to collect Minimum Data Set Assessments and to transmit data to state databases |
| Resident assessment protocol (RAP) | A summary of a long-term care resident's medical condition and care requirements |
| Resident assessment instrument (RAI) aka MDS | A uniform assessment instrument developed by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services to standardize the collection of skilled nursing facility patient data; includes the MDS 2.0, triggers, and resident assessment protocols |
| Resident | A common synonym for patient, especially in long-term care. A graduate physician in post-graduate hospital clinical training |
| Residency program | An accredited program whereby a hospital sponsors graduate medical education for physicians in training and in the case of residencies in the clinical dividions of medicine, surgery, and other special fields, advanced training in preparation for the prac |
| Residence | A patient's full address and zip code |
| Reserves | Unused profits from a not-for-profit organization that stay in the business |
| Resection | Cutting out or off, without replacement, all of a body part. Includes al of the body part or any subdivision of a body part that has its own body part value in ICD-10-PCS |
| Research methodology | A set of procedures or strategies used by researchers to collect, analyze, and present data |
| Research method | The particular strategy used by a researcher to collect, analyze, and present data |
| Research data | Data used for the purpose of answering a proposed question or testing a hypothesis |
| Research | An inquiry process aimed at discovering new information about a subject or revising old information. Investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or p |
| Requisition | A request from an authorized health record user to gain access to a medical record |
| Required standards | The implementation specifications of the HIPAA Security Rule that are designated 'require' rather than 'addressable' required standards must be present for the covered entity to be in compliance |
| Request restrictions | Under the Privacy Rule, the right of an individual to request that a covered entity limit the uses and disclosures of PHI to carry out treatment, payment, or healthcare operations. |
| Request for production | A discovery device used to compel another party to produce documents and other items or evidence important to a lawsuit. |
| Repudiation | A situation in which a user or system denies having performed some action, such as modifying information |
| Repository | A data structure where data are stored for subsequent use by multiple, disparate system |
| Reposition | Moving all or a portion of a body part to its normal location or the other suitable location in (ICD-10-PCS) |
| Report generation | The process of analyzing, organizing, and presenting recorded patient information for authentication and inclusion in the patient's healthcare record, the formatting and/or structuring of captured information. |
| Report card | A method used by managed care organizations (and other healthcare sectors) to report cost and quality of care provided |
| Reportable adverse event | An unintended act, either of omission or commission, or an act that does not achieve its intended outcome. |
| Replacement | Putting in or on biological or synthetic material that physically takes the place and/or function of all or a portion of a body part in ICD-10-PCS |
| Repair | Restoring to the extent possible, a body part to its normal anatomical structure and function. It also functions as the not elsewhere classified (NEC) root operation and is to be used when the procedure performed does not meet the definition of one of the |
| Removal | Taking out or off a device from a body part in ICD-10-PCS |
| Remote patient monitoring device | A device that enables a healthcare provider to monitor and treat a patient from a remote location |
| Remittance advice (RA) | An explanation of payment (Ex claim denials) made by third-party payers. |
| Reminder | A prompt based on a set of rules that displays on the computer workstation, similar to a recommendation |
| Regenstrief LONIC Mapping Assistant (RELMA) | |
| Reliability | A measure of consistency of data items based on their reproducibility and an estimation of their error of measurement |
| Relevance | How applicable information is to some matter |
| Release of disclosure | The processes that make health record information available to legitimate users |
| Release | Freeing a body part from an abnormal physical constraint by cutting or by use of force. Coded to the body part being freed in ICD-10-PCS |
| Relative value study (RVS) | A guide that shows the relationship among the time resources, competency, experience, severity, and other factors necessary to perform procedures. |
| Relative Frequency | The percentage of times that a character appears in a data set |
| Relationship | A type of connection between two terms |
| Relational online analytical processing (ROLAP) | A data access methodology that provides users with various drill-down and business analysis capabilities similar to online analytical processing |
| Relational database management system (RDBMS) | A database management system in which data are organized and managed as a collection of tables |
| Relational database | A type of database that stores data in predefined tables made up of rows and columns |
| Rejection | The process of having a submitted bill not accepted by the payer, although corrections can be made and the claim resubmitted |
| Reinforcement | The process of increasing the probability of a desired response through reward |
| Reimbursement | Compensation or repayment for healthcare services |
| Rehabilitation Services | Health services provided to assist patients in achieving and maintaining their optimal level of function, self-care, and independence after some type of disability. |
| Rehabilitation facility | Facility specializing in restorative processes and therapies that develop and maintain self-sufficient functioning consistent with individuals' capabilities. Restore function after an illness or injury. |
| Rehabilitation Act | Federal legislation passed in 1973 to protect handicapped employees against discrimination |
| Regulation | A rule established by an administrative agency of government. The difference between a statute and a regulation participating in the related program. Administrative agencies are responsible for implementing and managing the program instituted by state and |
| Regression analysis | Statistical technique that uses an independent variable to predict the value of a dependent variable. In the inpatient psychiatric facility prospective payment system (IPF PPS), patient demographics and length of stay (independent variables) were used to |
| Registry | A collection of care information related to a specific disease, condition, or procedure that makes health record information available for analysis and comparison. |
| Registration data of the admission, discharge, transfer (R-ADT) | A type of administrative information system that stores demographic information and performs functionality related to registration, admission, discharge, ad transfer of patients within the organization. |
| Registration | The act of enrolling |
| Refreezing | Lewin's last stage of change in which the new behaviors are reinforced to become as stable and institutionalized as the previous status quo behaviors. |
| Reflective learning cycle | Uses awareness to formulate an interpretation of what has been observed, considers what difference can be made by applying what has been learned, and executes the efforts toward change through deliberate action. A cycle of reflection, interpretation, appl |
| Refined case-based payment method | Case-based payment method enhanced to include patients from all age groups or from regions of the world with varying mixes of disease and differing patterns of healthcare delivery |
| Referred outpatient | An outpatient who is provided special diagnostic or therapeutic services by a hospital on a ambulatory basis but whose medical care remains the responsibility of the referring physician |
| Referral | A request by a provider for a patient under the provider care to be evaluated and/or treated by another provider |
| Reference terminology | A set of concepts and relationships that provide a common consultation point for the comparison and aggregation of data about the entire healthcare process, recorded by multiple individuals, systems, or institutions |
| Reference data | Information that interacts with the care of the individual or with the healthcare delivery system, such as a formulary, protocol, care plan, clinical alert, or reminder |
| Reference check | Contact made with an individual that a prospective employee has listed to provide a favorable account of his or her work performance or personal attributes |
| Refereed journal aka Peer-reviewed journal | A type of professional or scientific journal for which content experts evaluate articles prior to publication |
| Reengineering | Fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve significant performance improvements |
| Redundant arrays of independent (or inexpensive) disks (RAID) | A method of ensuring data security. |
| Redundancy | As data is entered and processed by one server, data is simultaneously being entered and processed by a second server. The concept of building a backup computer system that is an exact version of the primary system and that can replace it in the event of |
| Redisclosure | The release, transfer, provision of access to, or divulging in any other manner of patient health information that was generated by an external source to others outside of the organization and its workforce members |
| Red flags | Suspicious documents, information, or behaviors that indicate the possibility of identity theft. |
| Red flag Rules | A set of FTC regulations that require certain entities to develop and implement identity theft prevention programs |
| Recurrence | A return of symptoms as part of the natural progress of a disease |
| Recruitment | The process of finding, soliciting, and attracting employees. |
| Recovery room record aka recovery room report | A type of health record documentation used by nurses to document the patient's reaction to anesthesia and condition after surgery. |
| Recovery audit contractor (RAC) | A governmental program whose goal is to identify improper payments made on claims of healthcare services provided to Medicare beneficiaries. Improper payment may be overpayment or underpayment |
| Recovery Act aka American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 aka stimulus | Enacted by the 11th US Congress in 2/09; signed into law by Obama 2/17/09; unprecedented effort to jumpstart the economy, create/save millions of jobs, & put down payment on addressing long-neglected challenges; an extraordinary response to crisis unlike |
| Records retention policy | A policy that specifies the length of time that health records are kept as required by law and operational needs. |
| Records purging policy | A policy that is used in conjunction with the off-site storage policy and retention policy. |
| Records disaster recovery policy | A policy that establishes how records should be handled in a disaster such as fire or flood |
| Record reconciliation | The process of assuring that all the records of discharged patients have been received by the HIM department for processing |
| Record processing | The processes that encompass the creation, maintenance, and updating of each patient's medical record |
| Record of Care, Treatment, and Services | A chapter in the Joint Commission accreditation manual that provides standards for managing health information specifically addressing the clinical record itself. |
| Record custodian | The person who has been designated responsible for the care, custody, and control of the health record for such persons or institutions that prepare and maintain records of healthcare. They are authorized to certify records and supervise all inspections, |
| Record completion | The process whereby healthcare professionals are able to access, complete, and/or authenticate a specific patient's medical information |
| Receivables aka assets | Amounts of money coming into the organization |
| Recapitulation (Recap) | A concise summary of data |
| Recalibration | The adjustment of all ambulatory payment classification weights to reflect changes in relative resource consumption |
| Rebill | The act of resubmitting a corrected bill to the payer after it has been rejected. |
| Rebasing | The redetermination of the ambulatory payment classification weights to reflect changes in relative resource consumption |
| Reattachment | Putting back in or on all or a portion of a separated body part to its normal location or other suitable location. During this procedure the vascular circulation and nervous pathways may or may not be reestablished |
| Reasonable care | The degree of care that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in the same or similar circumstances. |
| Reasonable and customary charges (R&C) aka usual, customary, and reasonable | The amounts charged by healthcare providers consistent with charges from similar providers for identical or similar services in a given locale |
| Real audio data aka sound data | The storing, manipulating, and displaying of sound in a computer-readable format |
| Reagent | Any substance added to a solution of another substance to participate in a chemical reaction. |
| Readiness Assessment | An evaluation of a healthcare organization's infrastructure to identify and capture information on what must be addressed and where to apply resources in preparation for change such as an EHR implementation or ICD-10 transition |
| Read Codes aka Clinical Terms Version 3 | The former name of the UK CTV-3 codes; named for James Read, the physician who originally devised the system to organize computer-based patient data in his primary care practice |
| Randomized clinical trail (RCT) | A special type of clinical trial in which the researchers follow strict rules to randomly assign patients to groups. |
| Ratio scale | Continuous data having both equal intervals and an absolute zero point |
| Ratio-level data aka ratio data aka interval-level data | Data with a defined unit of measure, a real zero point, and with equal intervals between successive values |
| Ratio data | Data that may be displayed by units of equal size and placed on a scale starting with zero and thus can be manipulated mathematically (ex 0, 5, 10, 15, 20) |
| Ratio analysis | Mathematical compulations that compare elements of an organization's financial statements to past and future performance. |
| Ratio | A calculation found by dividing one quantity by another. A general term that can include a number of specific measures such as proportion, percentage, and rate |
| Rating stage | In performance management, the fourth of five steps during which specific performance criteria are evaluated. |
| Rate of return method | A method used to justify a proposed capital expenditure in which the organization tries to find out what rate of return it would get if it invests in a particular project. |
| Rate | A measure used to compare an event over time; a comparison of the number of times an event did happen (numerator) with the number of times an event could have happened (denominator) |
| Raster image | A digital image or digital data made up of pixels in a horizontal and vertical grid or a matrix instead of lines plotted between a series of points |
| Ranked data | A type of ordinal data where the group of observations is first arranged from highest to lowest according to magnitude and then assigned numbers that correspond to each observation's place in the sequence. |
| Range | A measure of variability between the smallest and largest observations in a frequency distribution |
| Random, Sampling | An unbiased selection of subjects that includes methods such as simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. |
| Randomization | The assignment of subjects to experimental or control groups based on chance |
| Radiology information system (RIS) | A system that collects, stores, and provides information on radiological tests such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. The It supports other radiological procedures performed in radiology such as ultrasound-guided |
| Radioimmunoassay | A procedure that combines the use of radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect hormones and drugs in a patient's blood. |
| Radioactive source | Radioactive elements packaged in a small configuration used for permanent implantation into tumors |
| Radioactive ribbon | A small plastic tube (ribbon) that has radioactive sources spaced at regular lengths along it. Ribbon refers to temporary interstitial placement |
| Quotient | The number resulting from the division of one number by another |
| Quota sampling | A sampling technique where the population is first segmented into mutually exclusive subgroups, just as in stratified sampling, and then judgment is used to select the subjects or units from each segment based on a specified proportion. |
| Qui tam | The 'whistleblower' provisions of the False Claims Act which provides that private persons, known as a relators, may enforce the Act by filing a complaint, under seal, alleging fraud committed against the government. |
| Quintile | Portion of a frequency distribution containing one-fifth of the total cases |
| Queuing theory | An operations management technique for examining customer flow and designing ideal wait or scheduling times. |
| Questionnaire | A type of survey in which the members of the population are questioned through the use of electronic or paper forms. |
| Questionable covered procedure | A procedure that may or may not be covered, depending on the patient's diagnosis and other factors |
| Quasi experimental design aka causal-comparative research | A research design that resembles experimental research but lacks random assignment to a group and manipulation of treatment |
| Quartile | The fourth equal part of a distribution |
| Quantitative research aka quantitative approach aka positivism | A philosophy of research that assumes that there is a single truth across time and place and that researchers are able to adopt a neutral, unbiased stance and establish causation |
| Quantitative audit aka biling audit | An audit that compares a report of services billed for a specific client and within a specific time frame against the health record documentation |
| Quantitative analysis | A review of the health record to determine its completeness and accuracy |
| Quality review organization | A quality improvement organization or an accreditation organization |
| Quality measures aka performance measure | A quantitative tool used to assess the clinical, financial, an utilization aspects of a healthcare provider's outcomes or processes. |
| Quality management | Evaluation of the quality of healthcare services and delivery using standards and guidelines developed by various entities, including the government and independent accreditation organizations. |
| Quality indicator (QI) | A standard against which actual care may be measured to identify a level of performance for that standard |
| Quality improvement process | An approach undertaken to improve healthcare delivery that involves two principal steps-problem identification and process design. |
| Quality improvement organization (QIO) | An organization that performs medical peer review of Medicare and Medicaind claims, including review of validity of hospital dx & procedure coding information; completeness, adequacy, & quality of care & appropriateness of prospective payments for outlier |
| Quality improvement (QI) | A set of activities that measures the quality of a service or product through systems or process evaluation and then implements revised processes that result in better healthcare outcomes for patients, based on standards of care |
| Quality gap | The difference between approved standards, criteria, or expectations in any type of process and actual results |
| Quality assurance (QA) | A set of activities designed to measure the quality of a service, product, or process with remedial action, as needed, to maintain a desired standard |
| Quality | The degree or grade of excellence of goods or services including, in healthcare, meeting expectations for outcomes |
| Qualitative standards | Service standards in the context of setting expectations for how well or how soon or a service will be performed |
| Qualitative research | A philosophy of research that assumes that multiple contextual truths exist and bias is always present. |
| Qualitative approach aka naturalism | A philosophy of research that assumes that multiple contextual truths exist and bias is always present |
| Qualitative analysis | A review of the health record to ensure that standards are met and to determine the adequacy of entries documenting the quality of care |
| Qualifying individuals (QI) | Medicare beneficiaries whose income are at least 120 percent, but less than 175 percent, of the federal poverty level. |
| Qualifying circumstances | Unusual situations such as extreme age, total body hypothermia, controlled hypotension, and emergency situations that complicate the provision of anesthesia. |
| Qualified Medicare beneficiaries (QMB) | Medicare beneficiaries who have resources at or below twice the standard allowed under the SSI program an incomes at or below 100% the federal poverty level |
| Qualified electronic health record | An EHR on an individual that includes pt demographic & clinical health information & has the capacity to provide clinical decision support; to support physician order entry; to capture and query information relevant to healthcare quality; and to exchange |
| Qualified disabled and working individuals (QDWIs) | Medicare beneficiaries who are eligible for assistance, including disabled and working people who previously qualified for Medicare because of disability but lost entitlement because of their return to work despite the disability |
| QI toolbox techniques | Tools that facilitate the collection, display, and analysis of data and information and that help team members stay focused, including cause-and-effect diagrams, graphic presentations, and others |
Created by:
adluch1984