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intro to chemestry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the definition of matter | anything with mass and takes up space |
| The two major categories of matter | Mixtures and substances |
| the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures | homo- Mixture is the same throughout hetero- different proportions |
| the difference between mixtures and substances | substances can't be separated and mixtures can |
| what we call the smallest possible particle of a compound | molecule |
| what we call the smallest possible particle of an element | atom |
| what solids do/do not retain | retain shape and size |
| how molecules move in a solid | vibrate in place |
| what liquids do/do not retain | size but not shape |
| how molecules move in a liquid | fast and slip out of position |
| what gases do/do not retain | neither size or shape |
| most common state of matter in the universe? | plasma |
| definition of melting point | solid to liquid |
| definition of boiling point | liquid to gas |
| definition of freezing point | liquid to solid |
| evaporation | liquid to gas |
| condensation | gas to liquid |
| sublimation | solid to gas |
| density (solid) | relationship between 2 measurements mass/volume |
| hardness (solid) | measure of a solid's resistance to scratching |
| elasticity (solid) | measure of a solid's ability to be stretched then return to it's size |
| brittleness (solid) | the ability to shatter upon impact |
| ductility (solid) | the ability of a material to be rolled into wires |
| tensile strength (solid) | how much pulling or tension a material can withstand before breaking |
| density (liquid) | relationship between mass and volume of an object |
| buoyancy (liquid) | upward pressure on an object |
| viscosity (liquid) | resistance to flow |
| particles "less than an object" | subatomic |
| charge and mass of a proton | posotive 1 amu |
| charge and mass of an electron | negative 1/1836 amu |
| charge and mass of a neutron | zero charge 1 amu |
| what is the core of an atom that has almost all of the atom's mass? | neucleus |
| which subatomic particles are found in the neucleus? | protons neutrons |
| what is the empty space outside the neucleus where the electrons are found? | electronic cloud |
| What happens to the energy of electrons the farther away they are from the neucleus? | It will increase |
| What number do we use to distinguish atoms? | Atomic number |
| What force makes the neucleus want to split apart because the posotive protons want to repel? | electromagnetic force |
| What holds the neucleus together | Strong nuclear force. |
| what does periodic mean? | repeating according to the same pattern |
| who developed the first periodic table? | Bimitri Mendeleev |
| how did bimitri mendeleev organive the first table? | Increasing atomic mass |
| Who fixed the periodic table? | Henery Mosely |
| How did henery mosely organize the table? | Atomic number |
| What are the two names of the 18 vertical columns on the periodic table? | Group,family |
| How elements in the same family compare to each other | similar |
| how does the size of an atom change as you move down a column? | increases |
| How does the reactivity change as you move down a column? | increases |
| What are the 7 horizantal rows? | periods |
| how elements in the same row compare to each other | completley different |
| how the size of an atom changes as you move across a row? | decreases |
| what 2 subatomic particles always increase by 1 as you move across a row? | protons and electrons |
| what are the 2 rows that are below the periodic table? | the rare earth metals |
| what elements have luster? | metals |
| which elements are dull? | nonmetals |
| which elements can be shiney or dull | metalloids |
| Which types of elements are ductile and malleable? | metals and metalloids |
| which elements are good conductors? | metals |
| what type of elements have the highest densities? | metals |
| how many valence electrons do metals have? | 1,2,3,4 |
| wheather metals tend to gain or lose electrons when bonding? | lose |
| what does corrosion mean? | rust |
| how many valance electrons do nonmetals have | 5,6,7,8 |
| wheather nonmetals tend to gain or lose electrons when bonding? | gain |
| family 1 name? | alkali |
| family 2? | alkali earth |
| family 3-12 | transition |
| family 18? | noble gases |
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