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Chemistry
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | Smallest piece of matter that has the same properties of the element it is in. |
| Proton | A positive subatomic particle in the atoms nucleus. Is the identify of the element and atomic number. |
| Neutron | A neutral subatomic particle in the atom's nucleus... has no charge and most of the mass. |
| Electron | A negative subatomic particle spinning outside of the nucleus of an atom. |
| Element | The simplest forms of matter that contain only one type of atom. |
| Periodic Table of Elements | A chart that organizes all the elements by atomic number and properties. |
| Valence Electron | The electron in the outer level of an atom that causes atoms to bond together. |
| Chemical Bond | An interaction that holds 2 atoms together |
| Chemical Bonding | The joining of atoms to form new substances. |
| Ionic Bond | Is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom |
| Ion | Charged particle or atom that gained or lost electrons. |
| Crystal Lattice | Repeating, 3 dimensional pattern that forms when Ions bond |
| Covalent Bond | The type of bond that forms when atoms share electrons instead of transferring them. |
| Metallic Bond | A special bond between metal ions and the electrons that swim around them. |
| Malleability | Metals can be pounded into thin sheets. |
| Ductility | Metals can be stretched and drawn into wires |
| Electrical Conductivity | Metal can conduct or carry electricity through wires. |
| Thermal Conductivity | Metal can conduct or carry heat in order to cook food. |
| Electron Dot Diagram | An easy way to show the valence electrons in an atom or chemical bond. |
| Compound | A set of elements that are chemically bonded and changed into a new substance. |
| Chemical Formula | A shorthand way to use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance. |
| Chemical Equation | Uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products. |
| Subscript | Small number to the right of the element that shows how many atoms there are of the element. |
| Coefficient | The large number that multiplies atoms of the element. |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms joined in a definite ratio. Keeps physical and chemical properties. |
| Diatomic Molecule | A molecule made of 2 atoms of the same element. |
| Reactant | A substance or molecule that starts a chemical reaction. |
| Product | The substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | States that matter is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. |
| Synthesis Reaction | When two or more substances combine to create one new compound. |
| Decomposition Reaction | A reaction where a single compound breaks down to form 2 simpler substances. |
| Single-Displacement Reaction | One element replaces another element in compound leaving a new compound and 1 element . |
| Double Displacement Reaction | The 2 metal ions in 2 compounds switch places in a chemical reactions. |
| Indicator | Will change colors in the presence of an acid or a base. |
| Cell | The smallest unit of life that can perform all life functions: eat, grow, reproduce |
| Cell Processes | A group of cells that work together to do the same job |
| Organ | A group of tissues that work together to perform body functions |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform body functions. |
| Diffusion | The movement of material from an area of high concentration into an area of low concentration. |
| Osmosis | The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. |
| Passive Transport | When cells don’t use any energy to move materials in and out of the cells. |
| Active Transport | When cells have to use energy to move materials in and out of the cell. |
| Endocytosis | When a cell surrounds a large particle of pseudopod and uses energy to pull it into the call. |
| Exocytosis | When a cell surrounds a particle in a vesicle and pushes it out of the cell |
| Photosynthesis | When a plant cell uses water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide to create glucose for energy. |
| Cellular Respiration | When animal cells use oxygen to process food into glucose (sugar) energy. |
| Fermentation | A backup system for cells to create energy when the cells don’t have enough oxygen. |
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