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Hitler's Foreign
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (When Hitler wrote Mein Kampf) | (1924) |
| Hitler's foreign policy | 1. Make Germany into a great power by re-arming 2. Unite all German people under his rule 3. To provide Lebensraum 4. Overturn the ToV 5. Defeat communism |
| What Hitler would need to reverse to achieve his foreign policy | The Treaty of Versailles |
| When Germany's reparations had been cancelled | 1932 |
| Lebensraum | Living space. Hitler wanted to expand eastwards to create more space for the growing German population |
| The people who controlled the industrial area of the Saar | The League of Nations |
| Who the Saar originally belonged to | Germany |
| Plebiscite | A vote by the people of a state or region on an important question, such as union with another country |
| After this many years the people of the Saar could vote if the Saar should stay in the League, return to Germany or go to France | 15 |
| When the plebiscite for the Saar was held | January 1935 |
| Number of people in the Saar who voted to return to Germany | over 90% |
| (Number of people in the Saar who voted to remain under control of the League) | (8%) |
| (Number of people in the Saar who voted to join France) | (2%) |
| How the return of the Saar helped Hitler achieve his aims | German speaking people were united and reversed the treaty of Versailles |
| When the disarmament conference first met | February 1932 |
| Discussions at the disarmament conference | Should everyone disarm to the level that Germany had been forced to or should Germany be allowed to rearm |
| (When the German's walked out of the disarmament conference) | (July 1932) |
| When Hitler returned to the disarmament conference | May 1933 |
| Hitler's promise as the disarmament conference | I will not rearm if in 5 years all other nations destroyed their arms |
| When Hitler withdrew forever from the disarmament conference | October 1933 |
| When Germany left the League of Nations | October 14th 1933 |
| When Germany signed a non-aggression pact with Poland | January 1934 |
| Why France would not disarm | Fear of German invasion |
| How long was the non-aggression pact? | 10 years |
| Why did the non-aggression pact please Britain? | It showed that Hitler's aims were peaceful and he accepted the Treaty |
| Why Hitler signed the non-agression pact | To weaken the existing alliance between France and Poland. To reduce Polish fears. To show that he had no quarrel with Poland. |
| When Hitler staged a massive military rally and when Hitler reintroduced conscription | 1935 |
| Hitler's excuse for rearmament | France had increased their conscription from 12 to 18 months leading to more trained soldiers |
| Size of Hitler's announced peacetime army | 550 000 |
| How many aircraft in the new Air Ministery | 1000 |
| How Germany got away with rearmament | Britain thought that the ToV was unfair and needed to be revised. France could not act alone. Hitler promised peace. |
| (Stresa Front) | (Coalition of France, Britain, and Italy to oppose Adolf Hitler’s announced intention to rearm Germany) |
| (When the Stresa Front was formed) | (April 1935) |
| Why the Stresa front collapsed | Abyssinian crisis |
| When the Anglo-German Naval Agreement was signed | 1935 |
| Why Britain agreed to the Anglo-German Naval Treaty | Britain thought that the limits imposed by the ToV were too tight and that a strong Germany was a buffer against communism |
| How big the German navy could be because of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement | 35% the size of the British fleet |
| How many submarines could Germany have | as many as they wanted |
| The size of the German army by 1938 | 800 000 |
| The number of u-boats in the German navy by 1938 | 47 |
| The number of aircraft in the German airforce by 1938 | over 2000 |
| Effect of the Anglo-German Naval treaty | Weakened the Stressa front. Helped Hitler achieve his aim to re-arm and make Germany great. Reversed more of the ToV. |
| When the remilitarisation of the Rhineland was | 7th March 1936 |
| Why the remilitarisation was risky | Clear breech of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact. Hitler was in no position to stand up to the French army (his troops were under strict orders to retreat if this happened) |
| The pact Hitler signed after remilitarisation | 25 year non-aggression pact that had no further territorial ambitions in Europe |
| Response of the League to Germany | Condemned its actions. Only Soviet Russia wanted to impose sanctions |
| Why no one stopped Hitler | B and F were distracted by Mussolini’s invasion of Abyssinia. The B people felt that G were doing nothing wrong as the Treaty was unjust. G was only moving troops into its own territory not invading another country. F was not prepared to go against Hitle |
| How many people were in favour of Hitler's policies after remilitarisation | 99 per cent of those who voted |
| Could Hitler have been stopped in 1936? | Yes, Hitler went against his generals advice that the army was too weak. France's army was much stronger than Germanys. If economic sanctions were imposed they could have crippled Germany. |
| Results of remilitarisation | Hitler had successfully broken the Treaty of Versailles with no consequences which gave him confidence to go further. Hitler’s position in Germany was strengthened as he proved his army and ministers wrong. It led to the signing of the Rome-Berlin Axis wi |
| (When Hitler failed to achieve Anschluss) | (1934) |
| (Why Anschluss failed) | (Mussolini moved troops to the Austrian border and Hitler was not ready to fight) |
| Why Anschluss was able to take place | Mussolini was allied with Germany and engaged in the Spanish Civil War |
| Where Hitler had been born | Austria |
| Why Schuschnigg asked Hitler for help | He feared another Nazi plot to overthrow the government |
| Hitler's response to Schuscniggs pleas for help | Bullied him to accept Seyss-Inquart (a Nazi) as Minister of the Interior |
| Schuschnigg | Austrian Chancellor |
| Seyss-Inquart | Nazi |
| Who encouraged the riots in Austria | Seyss-Inquart and Hitler |
| When Schuschnigg ordered a plebiscite on Anschluss | 9th March 1938 |
| Minister of the Interior | In charge of the police force |
| Why some Austrians wanted Anschluss | Economic Security |
| Hitler's response to the Austrian plebiscite | Moved troops to the border and threatened to invade of Schuschnigg did not resign in favour of Seyss-Inquart |
| When Seyss-Inquart invited German troops into Austria to restore the disorder the Nazis had created! | 12th March 1938 |
| Where the German army entered Austria | Vienna |
| Anschluss | Union between Austria and Germany |
| How many people voted in favour in Hiter's vote of union with Germany | 99.75% |
| When was the Plebiscite with Hitler for Anschluss | April 1938 |
| (The number of Austrians who were placed in concentration camps for opposing Hitler) | (80 000) |
| Hitler's excuse for Anschluss | self-determination - shown by the plebiscite |
| British and French reaction to Anschluss | Complained and that was it |
| Why Britain did nothing about Anschluss | sympathy for Germany as Austrians were German speaking and German in culture; the plebiscite showed they were in favour; British government feared communism more than Nazism so they welcomed a strong Germany |
| How many German speaking people were in the Sudetenland? | 3 million |
| Results of Anschluss | Hitler had the resources of Austria on hand. Another part of the Treaty has been overturned which increased Hitler’s confidence. It proved the value of Hitler’s alliance with Mussolini. Germany possessed land on three sides of the western part of the Sude |
| When Britain followed a policy of appeasement | 1935 to 1938 |
| Which Prime Minister is appeasement associated with | Neville Chamberlin |
| When Neville Chamberlin was Prime Minister | 1937 to 1940 |
| Appeasement | giving Hitler what he wanted in order to keep the peace |
| Arguments for appeasement: WW1 | Remembered how horrific a war was and didn’t want another one – appeasement keeps the peace |
| Arguments for appeasement: ToV | Germany had been treated to harshly under the ToV |
| Arguments for appeasement: Communism | Communism is more of a threat – Germany can be a buffer |
| Arguments for appeasement: Prepared | Britain was not ready for war |
| When rearmament started in Britain | 1936 |
| When the German forces could easily beat the British | 1938 |
| Arguments for appeasement: Depression | Britain was preoccupied with the Depression |
| Arguments for appeasement: Spanish Civil War | Showed how strong the German army was and how horrific another war would be |
| (Where the Germans bombed in the Spanish Civil War and for how long for) | (Guernica and 3 hours) |
| (When the Spanish Civil War was) | (1937) |
| (How many casualties in Guernica?) | (2500) |
| Arguments for appeasement: League of Nations: | The collapse of the League of Nations meant that there should be another method to keep peace |
| Arguments against appeasement: Advantage | Gave Hitler the chance to increase his strength and power |
| Arguments against appeasement: Unethical: Betraying lands, break international agreements | |
| Arguments against appeasement: Weak | It made Britain look weak |
| When did the policy of appeasement begin | With Anschluss |
| Arguments against appeasement: War | It did not prevent WW2 |
| Arguments against appeasement: Confidence | It gave Hitler the confidence that he could do anything |
| Arguments against appeasement: Opportunities | Lost opportunities to stop Hitler |
| When was Czechoslovakia set up | After WW1 |
| The part of Czechoslovakia that consisted of German speaking peoples | Sudetenland |
| (Where is the Sudetenland) | (The western part of Czechoslovakia). |
| Henlein | The Leader of the Sudeten Nazis |
| Was Czechoslovakia strong | Czechoslovakia was one of the strongest new states set up in 1919 |
| What Hitler encourages Henlein to do | Stir up trouble in the Sudetenland |
| German newspapers | |
| German newspapers backed up what claims made by the Sudeten Germans | That they were being persecuted by the Czechs |
| Hitler moved his troops to the Sudeten Border to | Provide support to the Sudeten Germans if the allegations continued |
| Beneš | The Czech President |
| 15 September 1938 | Chamberlin flew to find out what Hitler wanted |
| Where Chamberlin flew to, to meet Hitler and see his opinions on the Sudeten Crisis | Berchtesgaden |
| What Hitler told Chamberlin he wanted at Berchtesgaden | All the German speaking parts of the Sudetenland to join Germany, but only after Plebiscites |
| Who’s support did Chamberlin get about Hitler’s original request for the Sudetenland | France and a reluctant Beneš |
| Who promised help if Hitler invades Czechoslovakia | Soviet Russia |
| When did Chamberlin meet Hitler for the second time over the Sudeten crisis | 22nd September 1938 |
| Where did Chamberlin meet Hitler for the second time over the Sudeten crisis | Godesberg |
| What Hitler demanded at Godesberg | Immediate occupation of the Sudetenland by Germany and that other Czech lands had to be given to Hungary and Poland |
| What did the Sudetenland contain | 70% of the country’s heavy industry strong fortified west |
| Chamberlin’s response to Hitler’s second set of demands for Czechoslovakia | He refused and prepared for war |
| What did Hitler reassure Chamberlin that the Sudetenland was | His last territorial ambition in Europe |
| Who attended the Munich Conference | France, Britain, Italy and Germany – Not Czechoslovkia or USSR |
| Daladier | French Leader |
| Where was the Munch Conference | Munich |
| When did the Munich Conference start | 29th September 1938 |
| When was the Munich agreement signed | 30th September 1938 |
| What was the agreement at the Munich conference? | Czechs were forced to hand over the Sudetenland to Germany – commissions were set up to decide where other parts of Czechoslovakia would go to |
| Where did parts of Czechoslovakia go to | Germany, Hungary and Poland |
| Poland gain the Province of Teschen? | October 1938 |
| When did Hungary gain parts of Czechoslovakia | November 1938 |
| What did Chamberlin return with from his private meeting with Hitler | 'a piece of paper' with Hitler's statement that he does not want to go to war |
| When did Chamberlin return to Britain from the Munich conference | 1st October 1938 |
| Results of the Muchich Agreement | Hitler gained the Sudetenland without fighting. Czechoslovakia had been betrayed and was completely humitiated. Peace had been maintained by Chamberlain. Czechoslovakia lost its defensive frontier and became vulnerable to invasion. Germany gained armament |
| When Ruthenia was handed over to Hungary | March 1939 |
| How Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia | 1939 the Slovaks began to campaign for independence which Hitler encouraged. Hacha was forced to hand Czechoslovakia over to Hitler in March 1939 and Hitler marched in claiming to ‘restore order’ |
| Czech President in 1939 | Hacha |
| What became German protectorates in March 1939 | Bohemia and Moravia |
| German protectorates | Controlled by Germany |
| Results of Hitler’s invasion of Czechoslovakia | PACT – Protection of Romania, Greece and Poland by Britain in April, Appeasement finished, Conscription reintroduced in Britain, Trust – Hitler could not be trusted |
| (When Hitler forced the Lithuanians to hand over Memel) | (March 1939) |
| (When General Franco became the Dictator of Spain) | (April 1939) |
| (When Mussolini invaded Albania) | (May 1939) |
| When the Pact of Steel was Signed | May 1939 |
| What is the Pact of Steel | Hitler and Mussolini promise to act side by side in future events |
| Results of the Pact of Steel | Europe was firmly divided into 2 camps. Britain and France seek the USSR as an ally |
| When had Britain and France guaranteed the frontiers of Poland | April 1939 |
| Why could Britain and France not help Poland | They were too far away |
| Who could help Poland | USSR |
| Why did Stalin not trust Britain? | BEAUTS – Behalf: He would end up fighting a war in Poland on Britain’s behalf. Exclusion - The USSR was excluded from the Munich Conference when clearly the future of Czechoslovakia was important to them. Alone + Trick - Thought Britain wanted to trick t |
| When was the Nazi-Soviet Pact signed | 23rd August 1939 |
| Who signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact? | German foreign minister, Ribbenstrop and Soviet foreign minister, Motolov |
| What did the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact agree on | Soviets and Germans would not attack each other. Secretly they agreed that if Germany invaded Poland, the USSR would receive the land they lost in WW1. Hitler also gave Stalin a free hand to occupy other lands. |
| What lands did Hitler give Stalin a free hand to occupy | Romania and the Baltic states of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania |
| Why did Hitler sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact? | Removed the threat of war on two sides. Gave him the opportunity to deal with Poland as USSR was the only people who could defend Poland. |
| Why did Stalin sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact? | Stalin was insulted by Britain’s slowness to negotiate. Stalin did not trust Britain or Hitler but Hitler had more to offer the Soviets e.g. land in Eastern Europe. Stalin knew that Hitler’s ultimate aim was to take the USSR so he signed a pact with Hitle |
| How German was the population of Danzig | Over 90% |
| When did Hitler start putting pressure on Poland to hand over Danzig | April 1939 |
| Why did Hitler think it was safe to invade Poland? | SWAG: S – No fear of Soviets, W – Britain and France not willing for war, A – Appeasement means they will agree to anything, G – The was will be gone and too far away in time for Britain to provide financial support |
| When did German troops invade Poland? | 1st September 1939 |
| When did Britain declare war on Germany | 3rd September 1939 |
| When did the USSR invade Poland | 15th September |
| (How long did Poland last) | (6 weeks) |
| Germany was responsible for WW2: | Hitler made impossible demands |
| USSR was responsible for WW2: | Nazi-Soviet Pact cleared the way for the German invasion |
| Poland was responsible for WW2: | Signed an alliance with Britain and France that encouraged it to resist German demands |
| Britain and France were responsible for WW2: | Policy of Appeasement made Hitler believe they would not resist his invasion of Poland. Their guarantees to Poland encouraged Poland to refuse Hitler’s demands |
Created by:
dcotton