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chemistry
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atom | Smallest piece of matter that has the same properties of the element it is in. |
Proton | A positive (+) subatomic particle in the atom's nucleus. Is the identity of the element and atomic number. |
Neutron | A neutral subatomic particle in the atom's nucleus...has no charge and most of the mass. |
Electron | A negative (-) subatomic particle spinning outside the nucleus of an atom. Tiny! |
Element | The simplest form of matter that contain only one type of atom. |
Periodic Table of Elements | A chart that organizes all the elements by atomic number and properties. |
Valence Electron | The electron in the outer level of an atom that causes atoms to bond together. |
Chemical Bond | An interaction that holds 2 atoms together. |
Chemical Bonding | The joining of atoms to form new substances. |
Ionic Bond | Is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom. |
Ion | Charged particle or atom that gained or lost electrons. |
Crystal Lattice | Repeating, 3 dimensional pattern that forms when ions bond. |
Covalent Bond | The type of bond that forms when atoms share electrons instead of transferring them. |
Metallic Bond | A special bond between metal ions and the electrons that swim around them. |
Malleability | Metals can be pounded into thin sheets. |
Ductility | Metals can be stretched and drawn into wires. |
Conductivity | Metals conduct heat and electricity. |
Electron Dot Diagram | An easy way to show the valence electrons in an atom or chemical bond |
Compound | A set of electrons that are chemically bonded and changed into new substance. NaCl = salt. |
Chemical Formula | A shorthand way to use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance, (H2O) |
Subscript | (H2O) - a small number to the right of the element that shows how many atoms there are of the element. |
Coefficient | The large number that multiplies atoms of the element. 2Cl + 3Na |
Chemical Equation | Uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and products. C + O2 -> CO2 |
Molecule | 2 or more atoms joined in a definite ratio. |
Diatomic Molecule | A molecule made of 2 atoms of the same element. (ex. 2 oxygen atoms) |
Reactant | A substance or molecule that starts a chemical reaction. |
Product | The substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction. |
Law of Conservation of Mass | States that matter is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. |
Synthesis Reaction | When two or more substances combine to create one new compound. |
Decomposition Reaction | A reaction where a single compound breaks down to form 2 simpler substances |
Single - Deplacement Reaction | One element replaces another element in compound leaving a new compound and 1 element. |
Double Displacement Reaction | The 2 metal ions in 2 compounds switch places in a chemical reactions. |
Indicator | Will change colors in the presence of an acid or a base. |