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Chemistry
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atom | smallest piece of matter that has the same properties of the element it is in |
proton | A positive + subatomic particle in the atoms nucleus. the identity of the element & atomic number |
Neutron | A neutral subatomic particle in the atom's nucleus....has no charge & most of the mass |
electron | A negative subatomic particle spinning outside the nucleus of an atom. Tiny! |
element | The simplest forms of matter that contain only one type of atom |
periodic table of elements | A chart that organizes all the elements by atomic number & properties |
Valence Electron | The electron in the outer level of an atom that causes atoms to bond together |
Chemical bond | An interaction that holds 2 atoms together |
Chemical Formula | A shorthand way to use chemical symbols and nummbers to represent a substance |
Subscript | Small number to the right of the element that shows how many atoms there are of an element |
Coefficient | the large number that multiplies atoms of the element |
Chemical Equation | Uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants & the products |
Molecule | 2 or more atoms joined in a definite ratio |
Diatomic Molecule | A molecule made of 2 atoms of the same element |
law of conservation of mass | States that matter is neither created notr destroyed in a chemical reaction |
Crystal lattice | Repeating 3 dimensional pattern that forms when ions bond |
Covalent bond | the type of bond that forms when atoms share electrons instead of transferring them |
Metallic bond | A special bond between metal ions and the electrons that swim around in them |
Malleability | metals can be pounded into thin sheets |
Ductility | metals can be stretched into wires |
Conductivity | metal can conduct electricity and heat |
electron dot diagram | An easy way to show the valence electrons in an atom or chemical bond |
compound | A set of elements that are chemically bonded and changed into new substances |
Synthesis reaction | when two or more substances combine to crete one new compound |
Decomposition reaction | a reaction where a single compound breaks down to form 2 simpler substances |
single-displacement reaction | one element replaces another element in compound leaving a new compound and one element |
double-displacement reaction | the two metal ions in two compounds switch places in a chemical reaction |